How to fertilize sesame? A detailed explanation of scientific fertilization methods
Sesame, also known as oil sesame, is rich in protein and various vitamins as well as iron, calcium, sesamol compounds and other substances. It is nutritious and strongly aromatic, and is an indispensable ingredient in making pastries and specialty foods. Sesame oil is an even more rare top-grade edible oil. Sesame is a warm-loving crop, and July is the best period for autumn sowing of sesame. Sesame...
According to research, sesame's demand for nitrogen is low in the early stage and high in the middle and late stages; its demand for phosphorus is low in the early stage, sufficient in the middle stage, and high in the late stage; its demand for potassium is low at both ends and high in the middle, that is, the potassium requirement from the 6-leaf stage to the topping stage accounts for 95% of the total potassium requirement for the whole growth period. According to sesame's fertilizer requirement patterns, the following steps should be mastered in the specific operation of fertilization.First, the land must be carefully ploughed and leveled, and sufficient base fertilizer must be applied according to the formula. Although sesame is not very strict in its soil requirements, because sesame seeds are small and the root system does not go deep, the land must be carefully ploughed and leveled, and sufficient base fertilizer must be applied together to obtain high yields. The soil should be prepared so that it is loose, free of weeds, and hollow on top and firm below to facilitate fertilization. The base fertilizer should combine organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, and single-element fertilizers with multi-element fertilizers. First, apply decomposed organic fertilizer at 1500-2000 kg per mu, and it is best to apply 40 kg of Heyuan enzyme bacteria bio-organic compound fertilizer, which can both improve the soil and enhance activation functions; or apply 30 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu, together with 25 kg of high-content ternary compound fertilizer. However, fresh organic fertilizer or a single nitrogen chemical fertilizer should be avoided in the base fertilizer, first to prevent seedling burn during fertilizer fermentation, and second to prevent excessive growth of spindly seedlings.
Second, mix and apply an appropriate amount of seed fertilizer to supply nutrients in time and strengthen the seedlings. Sesame seeds themselves have limited nutrient content, and only timely nutrient supply can cultivate strong seedlings. Per mu, seeds can be paired with 250 kg of fine soil mixed fertilizer ash, or 5-8 kg of fine cake fertilizer, or about 2 kg of urea. Prevent excessive seed fertilizer from burning the seedlings.
Third, adapt measures to local conditions and seedlings to promote balanced seedling growth. For sesame seedlings in poorer soil with weaker growth, it is suitable to topdress with decomposed human manure and urine to promote the seedlings. After entering the flowering stage, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be topdressed according to soil moisture, with 5-7.5 kg of urea per mu. Band application is advocated, and broadcasting must be avoided. For sesame seedlings growing too vigorously, topdressing should be controlled or a retardant-type plant growth regulator should be sprayed. Chlormequat or mepiquat chloride can be selected, using 1 gram of chlormequat or 4 ml of mepiquat chloride per mu, diluted with 15-20 kg of water.
Fourth, take advantage of growth appearance and carry out foliar topdressing. Sesame stems and leaves have many hairs and a relatively large leaf area, so foliar topdressing is easily adhered to, absorbed, and transformed. Therefore, foliar spraying is a very good way to supplement fertilizer: first, it can increase the number of capsules; second, it can increase grain weight; third, it can increase the oil content of the seeds. As for the types of topdressing, first, a 2%-3% superphosphate solution can be used; second, a 1%-2% urea solution can be used; third, a 0.2% boron fertilizer solution can be used; fourth, a 500-800 times solution of Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer can be used. The above three fertilizers can all be mixed with Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer for spraying.