Technical Key Points and Methods for Introducing Barley to Different Regions
I. Seed Preparation and Seeding Rate For barley seeds, the high-quality, high-yield variety S-4 should be selected, and variety S500 can be used as a companion variety. For fields following grain stubble, the seeding rate is 10-11 kg per mu; for fields following flue-cured tobacco or corn, the seeding rate is 8-9 kg per mu. II. Timely Sowing Barley has less strict requirements for sowing time than wheat, and can...
The following four principled issues must be given special attention:(1) The introduction goal must be clarified: understand what kind of barley variety is needed locally and what the urgent purpose of introduction is. If it is for food and feed, introduce varieties with high protein content and high yield; if it is for beer brewing, introduce varieties with moderate protein content and high starch content.
(2) Attention must be paid to variety characteristics: understanding the winter or spring growth habit of barley varieties is an important basis for cross-regional introduction. For variety types in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, in some areas the overwintering period temperature is not too low, and early maturity is required by the cropping system, so some varieties show an ecotype of the spring, early-maturing type. In some areas where the temperature is relatively low and the maturity requirement is not strict, some varieties show an ecotype of the winter or semi-winter, medium-maturing or medium-late-maturing type.
(3) Attention must be paid to the source region of the variety: improved varieties should be exchanged between different regions and different soil types; there should be a certain difference between regions and conditions that can improve the characteristics of the variety. Only by introducing early-maturing and medium-maturing varieties from the north into southern regions can they adapt to the conditions of high temperature and short daylight in the south; introducing low-altitude varieties into high-altitude areas is very difficult to succeed; introduction between similar ecological zones is relatively easy to succeed.
(4) Introduction trials must be carried out: after introducing a new variety, do not immediately promote and plant it on a large scale. First, carry out small-area trial planting and observation, conduct variety comparison and cultivation trials, test its performance and adaptability in the local area, explore suitable cultivation and management measures, and evaluate its utilization value and prospects for promotion.
The barley introduction and domestication trial generally goes through four steps. First-year observation trial: sow in small plots by spot seeding, screen varieties with good comprehensive traits and adaptability, and select superior individual plants in bulk for a plot yield trial the following year.
Second-year yield trial: compare yield with the control variety and continue to study the adaptability of the varieties. Superior varieties enter the next procedure.
Third-year multi-site trial and cultivation trial: continue to study the adaptability and yield of the varieties, understand the cultivation characteristics of the varieties, and carry out trials, demonstrations, and propagation at the same time. Good ones are propagated at an accelerated rate the following year.
Fourth-year propagation and promotion: at the same time, carry out systematic selection trials.