How to intercrop and relay-crop kidney beans in cotton fields? Detailed technical key points
1. Choose good varieties. Varieties should be selected that have wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, a high pod-setting rate, and high yield. 2. Sow at the right time. During cultivation, the appropriate sowing time should be grasped, and seeds that are plump and glossy should be selected for sowing, so that plant growth and development are under good environmental conditions, reducing flower and pod drop and improving...
The field kidney bean-cotton intercrop and relay-crop model is a characteristic planting model in Mancheng County. This planting model produces 1750 kg of field kidney beans per mu, with an output value of 1300 yuan, and 200 kg of seed cotton, with an output value of 960 yuan. The total output value of the two is 2260 yuan. After deducting costs of 430 yuan, the benefit per mu is 1830 yuan. Its cultivation technical key points are as follows:1. Variety selection
For field kidney beans, select the medium-early maturing variety American Red with a growth period of 50-55 days; for cotton, select the improved insect-resistant cotton.
2. Pre-sowing preparation
1. Water thoroughly to build up subsoil moisture. If soil moisture is poor, irrigate the land to build up moisture from late February to early March.
2. Fertilization. Apply 2-3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per mu (mainly chicken manure and barnyard manure), 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 10-15 kg of urea, spread on the ground, then carry out shallow intertillage.
3. Finely prepare the land and make beds. Generally the bed width is 2-2.2 m or 4-4.4 m.
3. Sow early
1. Sowing period. Field kidney beans are sown in early to mid-March, and cotton is sown in mid-to-late April.
2. Sowing pattern and density. Use 1.8-2 micron ultra-thin plastic film for mulching. Field kidney beans are sown in furrows in wide and narrow rows, with 3-5 seeds per hole, at a depth of 2-3 cm, with 6 rows planted per sheet of plastic film, wide rows 40-50 cm, narrow rows 17-18 cm, average row spacing 33 cm, hole spacing 17-25 cm, 7,500-11,000 holes per mu, and sowing rate 12.5-15 kg per mu. Use a trowel to dig holes and dibble cotton, with 3-4 seeds per hole, sowing depth 2-3 cm, sowing rate 0.6-0.75 kg per mu. After sowing, cover with soil in a steamed bun shape to facilitate watering or breaking the crust for seedling emergence after rain. Row spacing 66-90 cm, plant spacing 30-35 cm, 2400-2900 plants per mu.
4. Cultivation management
(I) Field kidney bean management
1. Break the film to release seedlings. Field kidney beans begin to emerge in late March, and the emergence process is completed after 10-15 days. It is necessary to check emergence every 2-3 days. Generally, once the cotyledons are flattened, break the film early to release the seedlings and prevent high-temperature damage to the seedlings.
2. Seal soil to retain moisture and raise temperature. After the field kidney bean seedlings are uniform, seal the seedling release openings tightly with fine soil to avoid water evaporation, maintain soil moisture, help increase soil temperature, promote seedling growth, and kill weeds at high temperature.
3. Scatter soil on the bed surface to prevent weeds. For plots with severe weeds, press a layer of fine soil on top of the film to prevent weed growth and damage.
4. Disease and pest control. Because field kidney beans are sown relatively early, with low temperature and high humidity, damping-off and root rot occur severely at the seedling stage, so pesticides such as Kangkuoning should be used for spraying and root drenching. Pests are mainly cutworms, scarab beetles, cotton bollworms, and so on. For underground pests such as cutworms and scarab beetles, use phoxim poisonous soil, poisonous bait, or spray with Mieshaoli for control; for cotton bollworms, use pyrethroid pesticides for spray control.
5. Watering and fertilization. Generally, apply the first watering when the beans have grown to 2-3 cm. For plots where no chemical fertilizer was applied before sowing, apply 10-15 kg of urea per mu together with watering.
(II) Cotton management. Field kidney beans and cotton coexist for 40-50 days. During this period, cotton is at the seedling stage and field kidney beans are at the flowering and pod-setting stage. The contradiction between fertilizer and water demand and supply is prominent. Based on this characteristic, the following technical measures should be focused on:
1. Clear the vines and intertill early. From late May to early June, after field kidney beans are completely harvested, the vines should be cleared immediately, and the cotton should be intertilled and loosened, breaking the crust to raise temperature.
2. Topdressing and watering. The first fertilization is in mid-to-late June, applying 5-7.5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5-7.5 kg of urea per mu together with watering. The second fertilization is in late July to early August (flowering and boll stage), applying 7.5-10 kg of urea.
3. Pruning. Because cotton has large plant and row spacing, good ventilation and light transmission, and relatively strong late growth potential, management should focus mainly on securing middle-season bolls and autumn bolls, especially early autumn bolls. ① Topping: complete topping before July 15-20, leaving 10-12 fruiting branches per plant. ② Tip pruning of groups: leave 2 fruiting nodes on the lower 2-3 fruiting branches, leave 3 fruiting nodes on the middle 3 fruiting branches, and leave 4 fruiting nodes on the remaining upper fruiting branches. Also promptly remove wild branches and surplus buds.
4. Chemical regulation. Before and after topping, spray 3-4 g of mepiquat chloride per mu for chemical regulation.
5. Disease and pest control. ① Underground pest control methods are the same as for field kidney beans. ② Cotton bollworm: carry out 1-2 spray treatments against the second generation of cotton bollworm. ③ Red spider mites: red spider mites occur relatively severely on field kidney beans and leave a large residual population. After clearing the vines, use Abamectin, Damanlin, etc. for spray control 1-2 times. ④ Cotton stink bugs and cotton thrips: use phoxim and pyrethroid pesticides for control 1-2 times. Cotton diseases are mainly damping-off during the cotton stage, and the control method is the same as above.