How to prevent and control pests and diseases in Chinese yam? A full breakdown of cultivation methods
How should pest and disease control be carried out after planting Chinese yam? The main pest and disease control methods for Chinese yam are introduced as follows: 1. Agricultural control. 1. Selecting disease-resistant varieties is an effective method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases in Chinese yam. When cultivating disease-resistant varieties, rational arrangement is needed, rotating varieties every 2 to 3 years, and attention should be paid to variety purification and rejuvenation....
How should pest and disease control be carried out after planting Chinese yam?
The main pest and disease control methods for Chinese yam are introduced as follows:
1. Agricultural control
1. Selecting disease-resistant varieties
This is an effective method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases in Chinese yam. When cultivating disease-resistant varieties, rational arrangement is needed, rotating varieties every 2 to 3 years, and attention should be paid to variety purification and rejuvenation.
2. Crop rotation
This can reduce or avoid the harm of Chinese yam stem rot and root-knot nematodes. Rotate at least once every 3 years with crops that are not infected, such as corn, wheat, radish and watermelon; in old areas where Chinese yam is cultivated year after year, rotate once every year; where conditions permit, paddy-upland rotation can be practiced for better control results.
3. Land preparation
This can directly eliminate pathogenic bacteria that overwinter in the soil. Choose high, dry terrain with lower humidity and fertile, loose sandy loam, and carry out land preparation in autumn. This can turn diseased residues left on the surface into the soil, accelerating their decomposition and rotting, and through winter freezing and spring sun exposure, some pathogens lose their vitality.
4. Fertilization and irrigation
Chinese yam is a fertilizer-loving crop, so thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer must be applied during land preparation. Generally, applying more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer helps the formation of mechanical tissues in Chinese yam and enhances its ability to resist pathogenic bacteria. Applying too much nitrogen fertilizer easily causes excessive vegetative growth, making stem and leaf tissues tender and prone to Chinese yam anthracnose. The principle of watering is "do not water unless dry"; when watering, use a clean water source and be sure to water thoroughly. There must be no standing water in the field, and drainage should be done promptly in the rainy season to avoid root rot.
5. Field sanitation
Field weeds are best removed manually. Promptly remove the leaves and stems of diseased Chinese yam plants, which can reduce re-infection by pathogens. At harvest time, diseased residues, weeds and rotting stems left on the ground should be gathered and burned or taken outside the field for deep burial to reduce overwintering pathogens.
2. Chemical control
1. Chinese yam anthracnose
It damages stems and leaves, causing stem blight and leaf drop. Control method: soak seed tubers in 1:1:150 Bordeaux mixture for 10 minutes. When seedlings emerge evenly, spray the first application with 50% carbendazim 600 times dilution, and spray a second time after 10 days. If disease is found in July to August, use 65% zineb wettable powder 500 times dilution, 50% thiram wettable powder 800 to 1000 times dilution, or 50% thiophanate-methyl 700 to 800 times dilution, and spray 2 to 4 times according to the severity of the disease, alternating the sprays. The interval between each application should be 8 to 10 days, and the spray solution should be reapplied after rain.
2. Short-bodied nematode disease
It causes plant stunting, and in severe cases the whole plant turns yellow and dies; when tubers are damaged, small tumors of varying sizes appear, affecting yield and quality. Control method: treat the soil with chemicals before sowing. For each mu, use 5 kg of 5% mecapham granules mixed with 100 kg of moist fine soil, open furrows and evenly broadcast it on both sides of the seed tubers, or evenly broadcast it together with land preparation, incorporating it 25 to 30 cm into the soil.
3. Sawflies
They bite and feed on Chinese yam leaves, causing severe leaf loss and affecting photosynthesis, which leads to reduced tuber yield. Spray stems and leaves with 2% deltamethrin 3000 times dilution or 90% crystallized trichlorfon 1000 times dilution.
4. White grubs
They bite and feed on tubers, making the tubers impossible to cook soft and causing the taste to become bitter. Use soil treatment for control. For each mu, use 250-300 ml of 50% phoxim, add 25 kg of fine soil and mix well, then spread it into the ridges. After application, immediately insert it into the 20 cm soil layer, and then plant the Chinese yam seeds.
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