Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for High-Yield Cultivation of Spring Bitter Gourd
Bitter gourd fruit is rich in vitamin C, higher than tomatoes, and contains a glycoside that gives it a special bitterness, making it one of the popular health vegetables. Planting spring bitter gourd has mild diseases, low cost, high yield, and good returns. The high-yield cultivation techniques for spring bitter gourd mainly include the following four key points: select good varieties and raise seedlings at the right time. Spring planting...
Bitter gourd fruit is rich in vitamin C, higher than tomatoes, and contains a glycoside that gives it a special bitterness, making it one of the popular health vegetables. Planting spring bitter gourd has mild diseases, low cost, high yield, and good returns. The high-yield cultivation techniques for spring bitter gourd mainly include the following four key points:
Select good varieties and raise seedlings at the right time. For spring planting of bitter gourd, choose high-yield, high-efficiency, high-quality hybrid varieties. Such as Changbai Gangua, Dabai Bitter Gourd, Yuefeng No. 1, Bilu No. 2, Emerald, etc. Sow and raise seedlings when the daily average temperature is stable above 10°C. Aim for timely early sowing to extend the vegetative growth period. Use nutrient cups (bags) for seedling raising, and choose a nursery bed in a sheltered, sunny area near a water source and convenient for management. First soak the seeds in warm water at 50-60°C, and once they sprout and turn white, they can be sown by dibbling, with the root tip pointing down, gently pressed into the nutrient soil, and set up 40-50 cm arched bamboo frames, cover with plastic film to keep warm and moist, prevent cold and cultivate strong seedlings, and remove the film one week before transplanting to harden the seedlings.
Apply sufficient base fertilizer and transplant at the right time. For base fertilizer, generally use 1500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 10 kg of potassium fertilizer. Mix the above fertilizers evenly and apply them into the holes, then cover with a thin layer of fine soil. Before sowing, first prepare the land, with a bed width including ditches of 2 m, plant two rows per bed, with a row spacing of 120 cm and a hole spacing of 40 cm. Generally, 1100-1400 plants per mu is suitable. Transplant when the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves. Apply diluted human manure and urine water 3-5 days after transplanting as a "wedding fertilizer."
Set up trellises and guide vines, and topdress at the right time. When the seedlings begin to send out vines, use a herringbone bamboo trellis. When the vines begin to climb, manually tie and guide the vines onto the trellis. After guiding the vines onto the trellis, remove the lateral vines growing below 40 cm on the vine stem, and appropriately remove overly dense old leaves and weak upper lateral vines to improve ventilation and light penetration. Topdressing with water and fertilizer is best, applying frequently and lightly to promote early and rapid seedling growth. After flowering and fruiting, topdress once, generally using 20-25 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. During the fruit-picking period, topdress once every 7 days to extend the harvest period. When the top of the bitter gourd fruit is plump, it can be harvested for market, with the fruit about 30 cm long.
Prevent and control pests and diseases in a timely manner. Adhere to the principle of integrated pest and disease control with prevention as the priority, keep the garden clean, drain promptly after heavy rain, and reduce sources of infection. Use Dexon and validamycin for regular root drenching to control bitter gourd fusarium wilt. Use 600-fold chlorothalonil powder solution to control powdery mildew. Use 800-fold trichlorfon solution to control melon fruit flies and other pests and diseases. Use 1000-fold 1.1% nicotine-matrine emulsifiable concentrate to control aphids and leafminers. If young tobacco cutworm damage is found, promptly spray Chongwen No. 1 biological insecticide, which has a good effect.
Click to get more bitter gourd cultivation techniques
Click to get more vegetable cultivation techniques