How to fertilize Chinese cabbage and radish scientifically? A full breakdown of the key methods
How to fertilize Chinese cabbage and radish scientifically? Please explain. Chinese cabbage is an important leafy vegetable. It has a very high yield, reaching more than 5000 kg per mu, so it has relatively high fertilizer requirements. The ratio of the three is 1:0.4:1.1. Therefore, like other leafy vegetables, during the vegetative growth period...
How to fertilize Chinese cabbage and radish scientifically? Please explain
Chinese cabbage Chinese cabbage is an important leafy vegetable. It has a very high yield, reaching more than 5000 kg per mu, so it has relatively high fertilizer requirements. The ratio of the three is 1:0.4:1.1. Therefore, like other leafy vegetables, during the vegetative growth period, adequate nitrogen nutrition is of particularly great significance for promoting the formation of plump green leaves and increasing the photosynthetic rate. Because Chinese cabbage has different growth amounts and growth rates at different growth stages, its requirements for nutritional conditions also differ. The general pattern of nutrient uptake is: nutrient uptake is relatively small at the seedling stage, with the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium amounting to less than 1% of total uptake; it increases markedly at the rosette stage, with uptake accounting for about 30%; uptake is greatest at the heading stage, accounting for about 70% of the total.
Key points of fertilization technology:
(1) Apply sufficient organic fertilizer Applying sufficient base fertilizer is the foundation for obtaining a bumper Chinese cabbage harvest. Generally, old vegetable plots have relatively high soil fertility, so organic fertilizer should be applied in an appropriate amount; while new vegetable plots have low soil fertility, so heavily applying organic fertilizer mixed with phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer is particularly important.
(2) Skillfully apply seedling-promoting fertilizer After the cotyledons of Chinese cabbage emerge, the main root has reached about 10 cm; first-order lateral roots have also formed, and it already has the ability to absorb water and nutrients. When base fertilizer is insufficient or no seed fertilizer has been applied, a small amount of seedling-promoting fertilizer should be applied, 5-7 kg of urea per mu, to promote its growth. When fertilizing, extra emphasis should be placed on applying fertilizer to small seedlings and weak seedlings to promote the formation of strong seedlings.
(3) Reasonable topdressing Generally, two topdressings should be seized, one when the seedlings begin to form a rosette and enter the rosette stage, and one before heading begins, which is the key to ensuring a high yield of Chinese cabbage. At this time, Chinese cabbage is in a period of rapid growth, so the amount of topdressing should be increased, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, or regular application of diluted manure. Spraying the leaves during the growth period with Kezi 891 plant growth promoter (titanium citrate aqueous solution) diluted 1000 times, or with a mixture of 0.5%-1% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can both increase the marketable cabbage rate of Chinese cabbage and raise its commercial value.
(4) Attach importance to applying potassium fertilizer Increasing the application of potassium fertilizer can enhance the disease resistance and storage tolerance of Chinese cabbage, but the application of potassium fertilizer is often neglected in production. The usual potassium application rate is 20 kg of potassium sulfate or 15 kg of potassium chloride. When chemical potassium fertilizer is lacking, some plant ash can be applied.
It should be pointed out that if the nitrogen supply during the growth period is insufficient, Chinese cabbage plants will be short and small, with coarse and hard tissues, and yields will be severely reduced; if too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied to Chinese cabbage, it will not store well. If the supply of phosphorus and potassium is insufficient in the later stage of heading-type vegetables, they often do not head easily. Chinese cabbage is a calcium-loving crop. When adverse environmental conditions cause physiological calcium deficiency, tipburn often occurs, seriously affecting product quality.
Radish Radish and carrot are both root vegetables. They are eaten for their plump fleshy roots. For every 1000 kg of radish produced, it is necessary to absorb 2.1-3.1 kg of nitrogen (N), 0.8-0.9 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 3.8-5.6 kg of potassium (K2O) from the soil. The ratio of the three is 1:0.2:0.8, which shows that radish is a potassium-loving crop.
The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by radish varies greatly at different growth stages. Generally, nitrogen uptake is relatively high at the seedling stage, while phosphorus and potassium uptake is relatively low; entering the early stage of fleshy root enlargement, the plant's potassium uptake increases significantly, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus; by the peak stage of fleshy root enlargement, nutrient uptake reaches its peak. During this period, nitrogen uptake accounts for 77.3% of total nitrogen uptake throughout the growth period, phosphorus uptake accounts for 82.9% of total phosphorus uptake, and potassium uptake accounts for 76.6% of total potassium uptake. Therefore, ensuring adequate nutrition during this period is the key to a high radish yield.
Key points of fertilization technology:
(1) Base fertilizer Generally, apply more than 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, combined with the application of phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizers.
(2) Topdressing On the basis of appropriate topdressing in the early stage, when the radish begins to break open, apply 8-10 kg of urea per mu combined with irrigation. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied excessively or too late, and should as far as possible be applied before the peak stage of radish enlargement. If applied too much or too late, it easily causes the fleshy root to crack or develop a bitter taste, affecting radish quality. During the peak stage of radish enlargement, additional potassium fertilizer is also needed. In addition, attention should be paid to nutrient balance. According to reports, applying a ternary compound fertilizer can increase radish yield compared with applying urea alone, and can also improve its quality.
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