What are the precautions for rice pest and disease control?
What should be noted when controlling rice pests and diseases? Advice needed. The control target must be clear: take corresponding pesticide control measures according to the different types of pests and diseases in the field. When mixing pesticides, their content must be clearly understood, especially for the control of neck blast; tricyclazole has 2 formulations, and they must not be confused. Do not arbitrarily increase...
What should be noted when controlling rice pests and diseases? Advice needed
The control target must be clear. Take corresponding pesticide control measures according to the different types of pests and diseases in the field. When mixing pesticides, their content must be clearly understood, especially for the control of neck blast; tricyclazole has 2 formulations, and they must not be confused.
Do not arbitrarily increase the dosage of pesticides. Blindly increasing the dosage of chemicals increases the cost of pest and disease control and easily causes crop phytotoxicity. In addition, pesticides must be mixed and used immediately to prevent chemical reactions between pesticides that reduce efficacy. In summer and autumn there are many thunderstorms; adding adjuvants to pesticides can both enhance the effect of the spray solution and slow the washing away by rain, better ensuring control efficacy.
Spray evenly and consistently. When using a pouring pump to control pests and diseases, be sure to mix the pesticide in separate buckets according to the length of the field in sections, or mark the spray level on the mixing container, and the nozzle that draws in pesticide and water must be protected from blockage by debris. When using a 1.6-horsepower mist sprayer, staffing must be sufficient; generally spray in a north-south direction with 6 to 7 people, and 1 bucket of water is suitable for 1 to 1.3 mu. When starting to spray, you may close the nozzle slightly and first spray out the settled pesticide liquid into the air or put it into the bucket in advance; when each bucket of water has been sprayed to the end, the nozzle should be closed immediately, and repeated spraying should not be done, to prevent high-concentration pesticide liquid from burning the seedlings.
There are particular requirements for the application time. Avoid the rice flowering period as much as possible (apply before 9 a.m. or after 3 p.m.) to avoid causing pollen sterility; when the morning dew is too heavy, it is also not suitable to apply pesticides, as it will reduce the content of the pesticide liquid; if it is a pesticide such as phoxim that decomposes easily in light, it is better to apply it on cloudy days or after 3 p.m.; if dichlorvos is used in the late growth stage of rice to clean up residual rice planthoppers, it is better to apply it at noon in clear, good weather to improve the control effect.
The spray site must be clear. When controlling neck blast and rice leaf roller, the nozzle should spray upward, letting the fine pesticide liquid slowly fall or drift onto the panicles or leaves of the plants; for controlling these pests and diseases, a 1.6-horsepower mist sprayer has a better control effect. When controlling rice planthoppers or rice sheath blight, the nozzle should be aimed at the middle and lower parts of the plants, so that as much pesticide liquid as possible is sprayed toward the base of the rice, strengthening control of pests and diseases and protection of the leaves. For controlling these pests and diseases, a high-volume pouring pump is better.
There is knowledge in maintaining the field water layer. When controlling rice planthoppers and rice leaf roller larvae of the 2nd instar or older, a water layer should be properly established in the field for 3 to 5 days, so that the pesticide liquid covers the field surface and forms a pesticide liquid layer on which the pests crawl up between the plants, increasing the control effect; if controlling sheath blight, rice blast, rice false smut, or eggs and young rice leaf roller nymphs, then the water layer does not matter; and when carrying out field fumigation in the later stage to control rice planthoppers, the field should be kept dry with no water in order to achieve a better control effect.
Pesticide use must be appropriate. It is strictly forbidden to use pesticides explicitly banned by the state, such as methamidophos and 1605, and pyrethroid pesticides. For fields with rice quality traceability, the specified formula should be strictly applied, and pesticides with long residual periods such as buprofezin, pymetrozine, and profenofos are prohibited. No pesticide should be applied within one month before harvest.
Pay attention to checking the control effect on pests and diseases. Contracted workers and farmland management personnel should, within a certain period after pest and disease control, strengthen inspection of the pesticide control effect, promptly identify the causes for fields or sections with poor control effect, and immediately re-treat, so as to eliminate the occurrence of pests and diseases in the bud.
Maintain field environmental sanitation. After fertilizing and spraying pesticides in the field, pollutants should be quickly cleaned up to keep the field environment tidy and sanitary. For pesticides that are relatively sensitive to aquatic products such as fish and shrimp, protective measures should be taken.
Strengthen labor protection work. Seize the periods in the early morning and late afternoon when the weather is not hot to apply pesticides; do not drink alcohol before or after application; wear raincoats, rain trousers, protective hats, and other labor protection supplies before going into the field to spray; during the application process, do not eat fruit or drink beverages or smoke cigarettes, and apply pesticides with the wind as much as possible.
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