How to fertilize peanuts scientifically? Key methods and points explained
How to fertilize peanuts scientifically? Please guide. 1. Fertilization principles for peanuts (1) Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The soil for cultivating peanuts is mostly hilly gravelly soil and plain alluvial sandy soil. These soils have poor structure and low fertility, so organic fertilizer should be applied to activate the soil, improve soil structure, and build up fertility, and then chemical fertilizers should be applied in combination to replenish soil nutrients in time.
How to fertilize peanuts scientifically? Please guide
1. Fertilization principles for peanuts
(1) Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers The soil for cultivating peanuts is mostly hilly gravelly soil and plain alluvial sandy soil. These soils have poor structure and low fertility, so organic fertilizer should be applied to activate the soil, improve soil structure, and build up fertility, and then chemical fertilizers should be applied in combination to replenish soil nutrients in time. In order to ensure high yield and good quality of peanuts, improve fertilization efficiency, and achieve the combination of using and nourishing the soil, the principle of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers must be implemented, so that the two can make up for each other's shortcomings, address both slow and urgent needs, and fully play the role of fertilizer in increasing yield.
(2) Apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdress appropriately Sufficient base fertilizer makes strong seedlings, and peanuts grow steadily, laying a solid foundation for high yield and good quality. Increasing the proportion of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applied as base fertilizer in peanuts can meet the needs of seedling rooting and plant growth. If the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer applied as topdressing is too high, it is easy to cause excessive vegetative growth, lodging, and susceptibility to pests and diseases; if the proportion of potassium fertilizer applied as topdressing is too high, it is easy to cause pod rot, and the law of diminishing fertilizer returns applies. Organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, which have slow fertilizer effects and low utilization rates, should mainly be applied as base fertilizer. Therefore, in peanut production, if the base fertilizer can be applied well and sufficiently at one time, generally less or no topdressing may be needed. The principle of "light application for strong seedlings, heavy application for weak seedlings, less application for fertile land, and more application for lean land" should be mastered.
2. Base fertilizer and seed fertilizer Fertilizer spread before sowing in combination with plowing and land preparation is called "base fertilizer" or "bottom fertilizer," and fertilizer applied in a concentrated way in furrows or holes in combination with sowing is called "seed fertilizer." Base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are the foundation for strong peanut seedlings, more flowers, more pods, and full pods. The amount generally accounts for 80-90% of the total fertilization amount, and this is the main fertilization method for peanuts. Base fertilizer should mainly be decomposed organic fertilizer, combined with chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Generally, apply 20-30 jin of urea per mu, 100 jin of superphosphate per mu, and 30 jin of potassium sulfate per mu. Apply 4000 jin of base fertilizer per mu.
3. Topdressing Peanut topdressing should be determined according to soil fertility, the amount of base fertilizer applied, and the growth status of peanuts.
(1) Topdressing at seedling stage When soil fertility is low, the amount of base fertilizer is insufficient, and seedlings grow poorly, seedling fertilizer should be applied early to promote early seedling growth. Topdressing at the seedling stage should be applied before the initial flowering stage, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers combined. Generally, apply 8-10 jin of nitrogen fertilizer per mu, or 30-40 jin of compound fertilizer, broadcast on the soil surface or applied in furrows.
(2) Topdressing at the flowering and pegging stage After peanuts begin to flower, the plants grow vigorously, a large number of effective flowers open, and a large number of pegs enter the soil one after another, so the demand for nutrients increases sharply. If the base fertilizer and seedling fertilizer are insufficient, timely topdressing should be done according to the growth vigor and appearance of peanuts. However, at this time, the nitrogen-fixing ability of peanut rhizobia is relatively strong, and the amount of nitrogen fixed can basically meet their own needs, while the demand for phosphorus, calcium, and potassium fertilizer is urgent. Therefore, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much, and topdressing should mainly be phosphorus, potassium, and calcium fertilizer to avoid excessive vegetative growth. Generally, apply 40 jin of superphosphate per mu and 500 jin of high-quality barnyard manure per mu to improve the phosphorus and calcium nutrition of peanuts, with very significant yield increase.
(3) Foliar spraying Foliar spraying of peanuts (also called root-outside topdressing) has the effects of high absorption and utilization rate, fertilizer saving, and significant yield increase. Especially in the later stage of peanut growth and development, when the root system ages, the effect of foliar spraying is more obvious. When nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves, the absorption and utilization rate of peanuts reaches more than 50%; when phosphate fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves, it can quickly transfer to the pods and promote full and plump pods.
In the later stage of peanut growth, use 200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, mix with 120 jin of water, and spray on the leaves. It is best to spray 3 times consecutively, once every 7 days.
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