How to Grow Mung Beans for High Yield? Key Planting Techniques Explained
How can mung beans be grown for high yield? Please advise. In recent years, mung bean prices have been relatively stable, and since the crop has low soil requirements and is simple to grow, the planting area has expanded year by year, making it a good project for farmers to grow and prosper. Developed countries do not attach importance to the production of miscellaneous grains and beans. After joining the WTO, China's mung bean exports increased and prices rose steadily, making it China's...
How can mung beans be grown for high yield? Please advise.
In recent years, mung bean prices have been relatively stable, and since the crop has low soil requirements and is simple to grow, the planting area has expanded year by year, making it a good project for farmers to grow and prosper. Developed countries do not attach importance to the production of miscellaneous grains and beans. After joining the WTO, China's mung bean exports increased and prices rose steadily, making it China's most competitive advantageous industry on the international market. At present, due to the aging of mung bean varieties and backward cultivation techniques, mung bean yields are low, which affects the profitability of mung beans. Therefore, selecting new varieties and adopting new cultivation techniques is the guarantee for high yield and high efficiency in mung beans.
I. Select New Varieties
1. Green Pearl is a new mung bean variety with long pods, large grains, high quality and high yield. Because its leaves resemble watermelon leaves, farmers call it watermelon mung bean. It has six outstanding characteristics: (1) Strong growth vigor: plant height 50-55 cm, with 3-5 branches, thick and sturdy stems, resistant to lodging. (2) Unique leaf shape: the leaf margins have deep notches, forming three-lobed leaves that closely resemble watermelon leaves, with good ventilation and light penetration and a high pod-setting rate, suitable for close planting; this overcomes the shortcomings of ordinary mung beans with large round leaves, poor ventilation, and flower and pod drop. (3) Long and numerous pods: 40-50 pods per plant, up to 100 at most. Pods are 11-14 cm long, with 12-15 seeds per pod, and do not shatter, allowing a one-time harvest. (4) Large grains and excellent quality: the beans are cylindrical, large and uniform, bright green, glossy, with a white hilum, and a 1000-grain weight of more than 80 g, 15-20 g heavier than Dayinggelu, with good marketability and strong sales in the market. (5) Strong stress resistance: drought-resistant, heat-tolerant, disease-resistant and tolerant of poor soil; it can be planted on dry, poor land and hilly land. The growth period is 85-90 days, about 70 days for summer sowing, suitable for planting in most parts of the country. (5) High and stable yield: the yield is generally about 2,500 kg per hectare, more than 30% higher than the Dayinggelu series varieties.
2. Green Harvest is a new dense-pod super-high-yield mung bean variety. It has strong growth vigor, plant height 50-60 cm, thick and sturdy stems, 4-6 branches, and resistance to lodging. The leaves are oval and thick. Pods are densely set, long and numerous; pods are 13-15 cm long, with 5-7 pods per cluster, up to 11 at most, and abundant top pods. Each plant bears 50-70 pods, up to 128 at most. Each pod has 12-15 seeds; the grains are large and uniform, bright green, with good gloss, and a 1000-grain weight of about 70 g, meeting export standards. Its root system is twice that of other mung beans, with extremely strong drought resistance, disease resistance, heat tolerance, wind resistance and poor-soil tolerance; it can be planted on dry, poor land and sloping and hilly land. The growth period is about 85-90 days, 65-70 days for summer sowing, and it can be planted wherever mung beans can be grown. In the south, two crops can be grown in one year. It has high and stable yield and great yield-increasing potential; the yield is generally about 2,500-3,000 kg per hectare, 30%-50% higher than the Dayinggelu series varieties.
II. New Cultivation Techniques
1. Field and previous crop selection. Mung beans are drought-resistant and tolerant of poor soil, with low soil requirements; they can be planted on dry, poor land and sloping and hilly land, with medium-fertility plots being best, and they must not be planted continuously or in rotation with leguminous crops.
2. Land preparation and fertilization. Apply 15-20 tonnes of farmyard manure, 100-150 kg of diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer, and 7-8 kg of biological potassium fertilizer per hectare. If 30 bags of American neb mycorrhiza are applied per hectare, the root system can increase several times, effectively preventing root diseases such as root rot; especially in continuously cropped plots, applying neb has a significant yield-increasing effect. After fertilization, prepare the land and form ridges with a ridge spacing of 50-60 cm.
3. Timely sowing. In Northeast China, sow in mid-May; for summer sowing, sow in mid-to-late June; in other areas, sow at the appropriate time according to local conditions. When sowing, dressing seeds with rhizobia gives excellent results; mostly drilled in rows on ridges, with a sowing rate of 15-20 kg per hectare, covering with 3-4 cm of soil, and pressing to preserve soil moisture.
4. Field management. Thin seedlings at the 2-true-leaf stage and finalize the stand at the 3-true-leaf stage, with a plant spacing of 13-15 cm, leaving 1-2 plants per hole, and about 8,000 plants per mu. Before emergence, plow once before hoeing; generally carry out three hoeings and three plowings. Spray Taiyefeibao 300-fold solution on the leaves once at the seedling stage and once after pod setting, which can replace topdressing and increase yield by more than 20%.
5. Disease and pest control. The main diseases of mung beans are: root rot, viral disease and yellow-leaf disease. For root rot at the early stage of onset, spray the leaves with 40 g of fulvate mixed with 40 kg of water, or with 600-800-fold solution of Shajunzhuang. Spray 600-800-fold solution of Dou Chong Qing in time; it not only quickly kills pests such as aphids, red spiders, bean stink bugs, bean pod borers and fruit borers, but also effectively controls viral disease and yellow-leaf disease, and promotes plant growth, achieving three effects with one pesticide.
6. Timely harvest. It is best to harvest when more than two-thirds of the pods have turned black. When harvesting, it is best to cut with a knife rather than pull up the plants by the roots, because pulling up by the roots removes the root nodules, which is not conducive to building soil fertility.
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