What should be noted during mung bean cultivation?
What should be noted in mung bean cultivation? Please advise. Points to note in mung bean cultivation: 1. Reform the cropping system to increase unit yield. In our city, mung beans have traditionally been sown only after sweet potato planting; shortly after emergence they are affected by high temperature and summer drought, resulting in insufficient vegetative growth, poor reproductive growth, a relatively shortened growth period, and reduced yield. Summarizing local...
What should be noted in mung bean cultivation? Please advise
Points to note in mung bean cultivation:
1. Reform the cropping system to increase unit yield. In our city, mung beans have traditionally been sown only after sweet potato planting; shortly after emergence they are affected by high temperature and summer drought, resulting in insufficient vegetative growth, poor reproductive growth, a relatively shortened growth period, and reduced yield. Summarizing high-yield experience both local and elsewhere, we must reform the system: from 7 days before wheat harvest to 15 days after wheat harvest, seize the opportunity to sow in good time and while there is moisture, so as to extend the growth period and achieve the goal of increasing yield.
2. Selection of varieties. According to market demand, choose varieties that are lodging-resistant, well branched, vigorous in growth, short in growth period, simple to cultivate, concentrated in pod set, relatively high yielding, with glossy green color, large and plump seeds; easy to cook soft, free of hard beans, and with a good melt-in-the-mouth texture, such as "Anyue Oil Mung Bean" and "Zhonglü No. 1" as the main promoted varieties in our city.
3. Sowing date, sowing rate, density and sowing method. If the forest land is idle in the small spring season, the sowing date can be set in early to mid-April; if there is a preceding crop, sowing can be arranged after the small spring harvest by opening beds, and the suitable sowing date must be arranged before late May, in order to ensure full stands and obtain high yield. Persist in seizing the time and preserving soil moisture, and sow promptly when the soil is moist after rain; in case of drought, after sowing, drench the hills with clear manure water. Use 1 kg of seed per mu, mix seed with 10 g of ammonium molybdate dissolved in 10 kg of water (keep any leftover water in a separate container for later use), and after the seed surface dries, coat it with a small amount of thin mud slurry plus calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer before sowing. The sowing specifications are: for pure cropping, open beds 2 m wide, with 50 cm row spacing and 40 cm hill spacing, sowing 3200-3400 hills per mu, 5-6 seeds per hill, thinning to 2-3 plants per hill, and about 9500 plants per mu after final thinning; for fruit tree land, after leaving at least 40 cm between the sowing area and the base of the fruit trees, open beds 2 m wide, roughly the same as the sowing specifications for pure cropping; for intercropping, refer to the pure cropping specifications and determine the sowing rate per mu according to the situation.
4. Application of base fertilizer: generally use 35 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu plus 1000 kg of ash and slag fertilizer or 50 kg of plant ash, then evenly mix with 300 kg of sandy loam soil to cover the seed, or use 15-20 kg of high-quality organic compound fertilizer per mu, crushed and mixed with 300-500 kg of sandy loam soil to cover the seed, for the best effect.
5. Field management: check seedlings and fill gaps in time to ensure a full stand; thin to final stand at the 4-leaf stage; on poor thin land, use 5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu plus 1000 kg of clear manure water to promote seedling growth at the seedling stage. Before the early flowering stage, cultivate, weed and earth up around the plants in time to prevent lodging. At the early flowering stage, dilute the leftover ammonium molybdate water from seed treatment with another 40 kg of water and apply it as a foliar topdressing on the undersides of the leaves. Pay attention to controlling the damage of bridge worms and rice leaf rollers. Vigorously promote chemical weed control technology: after sowing and before emergence, use "Dual" or "Acetochlor" emulsifiable concentrate for soil sealing treatment; after emergence, for plots dominated by grass weeds, use "Gallant Super" or "Fluazifop-p-butyl" emulsifiable concentrate for control; for plots dominated by dicotyledonous weeds, use "Fomesafen" aqueous solution for control.
6. Harvesting, drying and storage: harvest in stages and batches in a timely manner, generally 2-3 batches. The seed coat of mung bean easily absorbs moisture and becomes damp; if the temperature is high and humidity is great during storage, germination rate can easily be lost, or the seeds may even become moldy and deteriorate. Therefore, mung bean seeds should be stored in a dry, ventilated, low-temperature environment, and can be packed in gunny sacks. At a moisture content of 12-14%, the bulk storage height should not exceed 1 m; the stacking height should not exceed 6 bags. If the seed quantity is small, it can be stored in a jar. Usually, put a small amount of quicklime at the bottom of the jar to absorb moisture, then line it with a gunny sack, put the sun-dried and cooled seeds into the jar, finally seal the jar mouth tightly with plastic sheeting, and place it in a dry, cool place.
Points to note: when sowing, chemical fertilizer must not be used as seed fertilizer, especially nitrogen-containing chemical fertilizer or superphosphate must not be used to dress the seed. Do not sow before rain. Be sure to thin and set the seedlings promptly and in good time; do not be greedy for too many, so as to ensure good individual development. The grains should be placed in bamboo containers and dried gradually from thick to thin; do not dry them in the open on lime-sand mixture, stone slabs or cement floors, so as to avoid breaking the seed coat and damaging the protein structure, which would affect seed quality and commercial quality. Seed moisture is generally required to be reduced to below 13%. After mung beans are dried, they should not be put into storage while still hot; they should be stored after cooling. Pay attention to crop rotation; repeated cropping for many years will cause serious yield reduction.
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