What are the key points of pollution-free cabbage cultivation techniques?
How do you grow pollution-free cabbage well? Please explain the cultivation method in detail. For pollution-free cabbage cultivation, you can refer to the following methods: 1. Variety selection. The varieties used for cabbage cultivation are determined according to the cultivation purpose and the time of going to market. For early spring plastic film cultivation in small arch sheds, early-maturing varieties are mostly used, such as Zhonggan 11...
How do you grow pollution-free cabbage well? Please explain the cultivation method in detail
For pollution-free cabbage cultivation, you can refer to the following methods:
I. Variety selection
The varieties used for cabbage cultivation are determined according to the cultivation purpose and the time of going to market. For early spring plastic film cultivation in small arch sheds, early-maturing varieties are mostly used, such as Zhonggan 11, Beinong Zaosheng, 8398, Baochun, Yingchun, Chicken Heart Cabbage, Ox Heart Cabbage, and Beijing Early Maturity. Medium-maturing varieties include Jingfeng No. 1, Zhonggan 8, Qiulan, Qiufeng, Lixiang No. 1, Qingfeng No. 1, and Xiaguang. Late-maturing varieties include Huagan No. 2, Dongnong 609, Qiufeng, Wanfeng, Hanguang No. 1, Xinfeng Cabbage, and Huangmiao Cabbage. Medium-late maturing varieties are mostly used for summer and autumn cultivation.
II. Cultivation season
In the Shenyang area, cabbage is sown and raised as seedlings in early February, planted in early April, and harvested in early June; summer cabbage is raised as seedlings in early April and harvested in early August; autumn cabbage is generally sown in early June and begins to be harvested in early September.
III. Sowing and seedling raising
1. Preparation of nutrient soil. It is generally prepared from field soil, horse manure soil, peat, and quick-acting fertilizers, with sandy loam being preferable. The preparation ratio is: field soil 60%-75%, horse manure and peat soil 15%-25%, and for each cubic meter of seedbed soil, add 1-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer and mix thoroughly for later use.
2. Seed treatment. To improve the germination rate of seeds, soak the seeds in warm water at 50°C-55°C for 15 minutes, then let them cool naturally and soak for about 3 hours, remove and shake dry, and place them under conditions of 22°C-24°C to promote germination. Pay attention to maintaining humidity. They generally germinate in 36 hours. Once 80% of the seeds have germinated, they can be sown.
3. Sowing method. Level the seedling bed, water it thoroughly, and after the water seeps down, scatter a thin layer of sifted soil, then sow. The sowing rate is about 4 grams per square meter. After sowing, cover evenly with soil 8-10 mm. To prevent damping-off disease, use 50% carbendazim wettable powder to sterilize the soil, mixing 7-10 grams per square meter into the covering soil. For greenhouse seedling raising, where the soil temperature is relatively high, dry seeds can be sown after watering thoroughly.
4. Seedling management. Before emergence, the daytime temperature should be 20°C-25°C and the nighttime temperature 13°C-15°C. After the seedlings emerge, begin appropriate ventilation, lower the temperature and humidity to harden the seedlings, with daytime 12°C-15°C and nighttime 5°C-8°C, then gradually raise the temperature again, with daytime 15°C-20°C and nighttime 8°C-10°C. When the seedlings grow to 2 true leaves and 1 heart leaf, transplant them. After transplanting, water thoroughly and give appropriately higher temperatures. After the seedlings recover, ventilate promptly and manage with lower temperatures to prevent excessive growth. When the seedling stem diameter reaches more than 0.5 cm, try to keep the temperature above 15°C to avoid passing through the vernalization stage and causing premature bolting. Spring cabbage is generally raised as seedlings in cold frames, with a seedling period of 50-70 days. At planting, the 5-10 cm soil temperature is required to be 5°C-8°C. Five to seven days before planting, the seedlings should be given low-temperature hardening so they adapt to external conditions.
IV. Land preparation and fertilization
For plots where cabbage is to be planted, organic fertilizer should be applied and the land should be rotary tilled in advance, then the land should be prepared into beds or ridged and covered with plastic film. For early spring cultivation, early-maturing varieties are planted at 5000-5500 plants per mu, medium-maturing varieties at 4000-5000 plants, and late-maturing varieties at 2000-3000 plants. Before transplanting, use a hole punch and water the planting holes before setting out the seedlings.
V. Fertilizer and water management
After planting and seedling recovery in early spring plastic film cultivation, watering should be appropriately controlled to raise the soil temperature. If there is a cold wave, ammonium sulfate can be applied in advance at 15-22.5 kg per mu. Irrigation can also enhance the cold resistance of the plants. During the rosette stage, apply one topdressing, with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer at 15-20 kg per mu. At the end of the rosette stage, watering can be appropriately controlled, and timely intertillage and weeding should be carried out. For summer and autumn cabbage cultivation, because medium-late maturing varieties are selected or open-field planting is used, attention should be paid to intertillage and weeding, increasing the number of topdressings and controlling irrigation. After rain, pay attention to drainage to prevent water accumulation in the field from causing root rot and head rot.
VI. Pest and disease control
1. Soft rot. Focus on selecting previous crops that are not cruciferous crops and applying fully decomposed farmyard manure. For summer cultivation, use high beds and cultivate strong seedlings. For chemical control, drench the roots with Dexon original powder diluted 1000 times with water, or drench the roots with a solution of agricultural streptomycin at a concentration of 200 mg/kg.
2. Black rot. Select disease-resistant varieties, carry out reasonable crop rotation, clean up the field, control insect pests, reduce wounds, and irrigate scientifically. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 0.5% amobam for 15 minutes, or soak the seeds in warm water at 50°C for 25 minutes. Before onset and in the early stage of disease, use 60% imazalil or 35% metalaxyl, mixed evenly with 50% thiram at 1:1, then diluted 500 times with water, or use agricultural streptomycin at 200 mg/kg or novo strepto mycin at 200 mg/kg and spray once every 6-7 days for 2-3 treatments. Seed dressing and root drenching with Nongkang 75-1 and Caifengning B can also be used for control.
3. Aphids. Remove weeds promptly, and after harvest promptly remove residual plants and dead leaves to eliminate aphids. Based on the positive taxis of aphids to yellow and negative taxis to silver gray, use yellow boards to trap aphids or silver-gray film to repel aphids. For chemical control, spray with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 50% menazon emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000 times, or spray with 50% pirimicarb wettable powder diluted 2000-3000 times, which is effective against cabbage aphids. Generally once every 6-7 days, spraying 2-3 times consecutively.
4. Cabbage caterpillars. Clean up residual branches and fallen leaves in the field, plow the soil, and avoid continuous cropping or intercropping with vegetables of the same family. For chemical control, spray Bacillus thuringiensis diluted 500-1000 times, or spray 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate diluted 2000-3000 times for control. Granulosis virus preparations can also be used for control.
VII. Harvest
Harvest promptly when the head is basically solid and the outer head leaves are shiny. For plots with uneven heading, harvest in stages.
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