What kind of disease is sorghum covered smut?
What is sorghum covered smut? Please provide an introduction and control methods. Sorghum covered smut occurs occasionally in localized areas of Northeast China, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hebei and other places. It is caused by Sphacelotheca sorghi. Symptoms: symptoms appear at the heading stage; diseased plants are not stunted; usually all grains in the panicle become egg-shaped gray galls, with a hard outer membrane...
What is sorghum covered smut? Please provide an introduction and control methods
Sorghum covered smut occurs occasionally in localized areas of Northeast China, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hebei and other places. It is caused by Sphacelotheca sorghi.
Symptoms: symptoms appear at the heading stage; diseased plants are not stunted; usually all grains in the panicle become egg-shaped gray galls, with a hard outer membrane that does not rupture or only splits slightly at the tip, and the interior is filled with black powder. When diseased grains are pressed, the black powder spills out, leaving a short, straight central axis in the middle.
Disease development: when sorghum is threshed, the diseased grains are crushed, and chlamydospores attach to the surface of healthy grains or overwinter in the seed as spore masses. It is spread by seed. The optimum temperature for chlamydospore germination is 20-23°C; lower temperatures and higher humidity favor disease development.
Control methods:
1. Agricultural measures: select resistant improved varieties according to local conditions. Carry out crop rotation in severely affected fields. Sow at the appropriate time to strive for early emergence and full emergence in one planting.
2. Chemical seed treatment: after screening, winnowing and removing impurities and shriveled grains, select an appropriate chemical for treatment. Specific methods: first, dress seeds with 50% hesui'an at 0.5% of seed weight; second, use 100 mL of 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate, add a small amount of water, and dress 100 kg of seed, mixing thoroughly, spreading out to dry, and then sowing; third, use 0.5 kg of 20% carboxin emulsifiable concentrate, add 3 kg of water, dress 40 kg of seed, cover the seed for 4 hours, dry, and then sow.
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