Detailed Explanation of Key Fertilization Techniques for High-Yield Chinese Yam
Chinese yam has extremely high edible and economic value, and is cultivated throughout China. It is a crop with a relatively large fertilizer demand, and each growth stage during its cultivation requires different levels of fertility. To improve its economic benefits, the level of yield is extremely important. So how should Chinese yam be fertilized to achieve high yield? Let's take a look together with Qinnong Web.
1. Fertilizer Requirement Characteristics
The fertilizer demand of Chinese yam throughout the entire growth period is very large, and the growth cycle is long, so it prefers organic fertilizers with longer-lasting fertility. In the early growth stage, due to temperature factors, organic fertilizers decompose relatively slowly and cannot provide sufficient nutrients for its growth, so quick-acting fertilizers need to be applied at this time to allow its stems and leaves to grow rapidly. In the middle and late growth stages, growth is rapid, and this is the time for tuber expansion, so there is a relatively large demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. This is also a period of high incidence of diseases, so phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be added in a timely manner, first to provide the nutrients needed for growth, and second to improve disease resistance, promote growth, and prevent premature aging caused by insufficient nutrition. Also, when fertilizing, never apply chlorine elements. Chinese yam is a chlorine-sensitive crop. Chlorine will make Chinese yam grow excessively, causing leggy growth, which leads to vines seizing a large amount of nutrients for their own growth, while the tubers cannot obtain sufficient nutrients for growth, resulting in low yield and quality, making them extremely easy to break, poor in storage and transportation tolerance, and affecting economic returns.
2. Applying Sufficient Base Fertilizer
Fertilization for Chinese yam is mainly based on base fertilizer, with supplemental fertilizer as a supplement. The application amount of base fertilizer reaches 70%-80% of the total fertilizer amount. As mentioned above, Chinese yam has a long growth cycle and a large fertilizer demand, while chemical fertilizers are all quick-acting fertilizers with insufficient lasting power, so the base fertilizer is generally mainly organic fertilizer or fully decomposed farmyard manure, combined with some nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Generally, 2000-4000 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure is applied per mu, combined with 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer; or about 2000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied, combined with 20-30 kg of urea and 40-50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. When applying base fertilizer, note that it should be applied before land preparation. Spread the base fertilizer evenly in the field, then carry out deep plowing and land preparation, mixing it with the soil or turning it into the soil.
3. Timely Supplemental Fertilization
From after sowing to the branching stage, manure fertilizer can be applied. This can not only provide nutrients, but in spring it can increase soil temperature so that the seeds emerge as soon as possible, while in summer it can lower soil temperature and keep the seedlings in a suitable low-temperature environment, which is beneficial to tuber growth. Apply manure or urine fertilizer once when the seedlings are uniform and during transplanting, or apply nitrogen fertilizer, which can accelerate stem and leaf growth. During the budding stage, this is the period when the plant has the greatest fertilizer demand and needs sufficient nutrients to flower. At this time, cake fertilizer or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer can be applied, generally 25 kg per mu, so that rapid expansion and extension have sufficient nutrients.
The above is the high-yield fertilization technique for Chinese yam brought to you by Qinnong Web. We hope it can help you. To learn more about Chinese yam cultivation knowledge, please stay tuned to Qinnong Web.