Detailed Explanation of Black Soybean Planting Techniques and Management Methods
Black soybean is a type of soybean, named for its black seed coat. It is also called horse bean or winter bean. In daily life it is often used to make porridge. It has the effects of dispelling wind and clearing heat, detoxifying and promoting urination, and tonifying the kidney and nourishing the blood. It is also rich in various nutrients needed by the human body. It is a crop that serves both as food and medicine, and is deeply loved by people. So with such powerful effects, how many people know how it is planted? Let's take a look at the black soybean planting techniques on Qinnong Web below.
1. Seed selection and treatment
The quality of the seeds determines the yield and quality, so seed selection is extremely important. Choose varieties that grow vigorously, have strong disease resistance and stable yield, then remove diseased seeds, insect-damaged seeds and moldy seeds, and select large, uniform, spherical and oval seeds with a light white powdery substance on the surface for sowing. Before sowing, they must be treated to increase the germination rate. On a sunny day, spread the seeds on the ground and turn and dry them for 1-2 days. After sun-drying the seeds, mix them evenly with a diluted solution of zinc sulfate and borax to eliminate pathogens on the surface, and then they can be sown.
2. Land preparation and fertilization
Choose flat land with loose soil and good drainage for planting. Before planting, plow deeply 15-20 cm. After plowing, harrow and level the soil clods, requiring the soil to be fine and free of obvious clods and stones. Before sowing, fertilize the prepared plot. Apply 2000-3000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, or use 400 kg of organic fertilizer, together with some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and other fertilizers. Farmyard manure is applied before land preparation, while organic fertilizer and other fertilizers are applied during plowing.
3. Sowing and raising seedlings
Black soybean can generally be sown when the soil temperature reaches 10 degrees, usually in March to April. Hill sowing and drill sowing can be used. If it is not planted in the same field as other crops, drill sowing is generally used. For drill sowing, note that the covering soil should be uniform and consistent to prevent uneven depth, and also pay attention to sowing density, which should not be too dense. Generally, about 10,000 plants are kept per mu. For hill sowing, sow 3-4 seeds per hole, cover with 3-4 cm of soil, and use 2-3 kg of seed per mu. After sowing, pay attention to field conditions and check promptly after emergence. If missing seedlings are found, replant them in time. When compound leaves grow, thinning can be carried out, removing diseased, weak and mixed seedlings.
4. Field management
Field management includes intertillage and weeding, fertilizer and water management, topping and chemical regulation, and pest and disease control. Black soybean needs 3-4 intertillage and weeding operations from emergence to flowering. The first is just after emergence, the second during thinning, and the third when the seedlings are 10 cm tall. After black soybean enters the flowering stage, after various growth stages, the base fertilizer has been mostly consumed, so at this time topdressing is needed to maintain nutrient supply. Generally, 5 kg of urea is topdressed per mu. After pod setting, foliar spraying and root-outside spraying can be carried out according to growth conditions. Water promptly during drought periods, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention during rainy seasons. In order to make the plant set more fruit and inhibit excessively dense growth, timely pinching is necessary. When 5-6 true leaves grow, pinch the tips to promote horizontal growth. When the 4th-5th branches grow, remove the terminal buds in time to promote branch growth. The main diseases in black soybean planting are mosaic virus disease and bacterial spot disease, and the pests include aphids and pod borers. Their control should be done well.
The above are the black soybean planting techniques brought to you by Qinnong Web. We hope they can help you. To learn more about bean planting knowledge, please continue to follow Qinnong Web.