What are the common pests and diseases of water chestnut? Detailed explanation of control methods
Water chestnut belongs to the genus Trapa in the family Trapaceae, also known as ling, and is an annual fruit. The fruit of the water chestnut is crisp and delicious and can be used to make congee. Water chestnut contains relatively rich protein, trace elements and a variety of nutrients, and has effects such as quenching thirst and detoxifying. It is currently a relatively popular planting project. Many people also grow it on a large scale, but during the planting process they find that water chestnut often suffers from many pests and diseases, and they do not know how to control them. So the editor has brought you the common pests and diseases of water chestnut and their control methods.
1. Water chestnut southern blight
Disease characteristics: Water chestnut southern blight is a fungal disease, and the main pathogen is Sclerotium rolfsii. It generally occurs frequently in the hot and humid environment of summer and autumn. Polluted water quality makes the disease more likely to occur, and it mainly affects the leaves of the water chestnut. At first, a small number of yellow diseased spots appear in the middle of the leaves, and later they gradually expand and spread, causing the affected leaves to turn completely yellow and rot, and then begin to spread to the surrounding leaves. This causes the rot of the entire water chestnut mat. When the disease is severe, it can cause large-scale rot of the water chestnut mat within 3 days, resulting in total loss of yield.
Control methods: When planting water chestnut, pay attention to planting density to prevent the water chestnut mat from having too little growing space in summer and autumn, and keep the water quality clean and hygienic to prevent pollution. Diseased water chestnut mats or leaves should be removed in time, concentrated and destroyed, and pesticides such as thiophanate-methyl should be used to spray the remaining water chestnut mats in the field for control.
2. Water chestnut brown spot disease
Disease characteristics: Brown spot disease is also a fungal disease. It occurs in all parts of China and commonly occurs in summer and autumn. It causes premature leaf drop of water chestnut leaves, leading to reduced yield and lower quality. In the early stage of plant infection, some inconspicuous light brown diseased spots appear on the edges of the leaves, and then gradually extend and expand into irregular dark brown diseased spots. When the environment is relatively humid and wet, small black mold spots appear.
Control methods: When planting water chestnut, pay attention to planting density to prevent the water chestnut mat from having too little growing space in summer and autumn, and keep the water quality clean and hygienic to prevent pollution. The main control methods are almost the same as those for southern blight. The main points are to pay attention to the water quality in the field and the sanitation conditions, and to fully disinfect the field over winter to reduce overwintering pathogens.
3. Water chestnut leaf beetle
Disease characteristics: The water chestnut leaf beetle is a pest that can cause devastating disasters to water chestnut. It generally occurs in early summer, and the leaf beetle reproduces extremely quickly. It can complete one generation in as little as two days. The period when summer turns to autumn is the peak occurrence period. Both adults and larvae of the leaf beetle gnaw on the leaf flesh of water chestnut, and can eat an entire water chestnut mat completely within a few hours.
Control methods: The only way to properly control the leaf beetle is by spraying pesticides. Generally, pesticides such as monosultap or bisultap can be used for spraying and killing.
The above three are a brief introduction to the pests and diseases that often occur when planting water chestnut. When planting, everyone must pay attention to the living environment of water chestnut, because water chestnut lives in water, so you must pay attention to the quality of the water. Do not use polluted water to grow water chestnut, and everyone should pay special attention to the leaf beetle pest. If this pest is not controlled in time, it can even cause you to have no harvest at all. This article is for reference only. I hope it is helpful to everyone.