How much is a jin of hyacinth bean seeds? Detailed introduction to cultivation methods
The hyacinth bean, also known as the field bean, dolichos bean, white hyacinth bean and so on, is a perennial twining vine of the genus Lablab in the Fabaceae family. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The flowers come in red and white, and the pods come in colors such as green-white, light green, pink or purple-red. The tender pods are often eaten as a vegetable and it has extremely high cultivation value. Let us take a look below at hyacinth bean seed prices and cultivation methods!
How much is a jin of hyacinth bean seeds?
The price of hyacinth bean seeds is about 150 to 200 yuan per jin, but prices vary greatly depending on variety, quality, place of origin and purchase quantity, and generally about 3 jin of seed is used per mu. The hyacinth bean prefers a warm, humid environment with plenty of sunlight. The suitable germination temperature for the seeds is 22 to 23°C, and the plant can withstand high temperatures of around 35°C. It has a well-developed, strong root system and strong drought tolerance, and adapts well to various soils. Planting in well-drained, fertile sandy soil or loam can significantly increase yield. It can be cultivated by riversides and roadsides, at field edges and corners, and in front of and behind houses.
Sowing methods for hyacinth beans
1. Sowing time: Hyacinth beans can generally be sown successively after mid-January, but sowing times differ by region. For example, in the Yangtze River basin the planting time for hyacinth beans is from May to the end of July, while in North China the planting time for hyacinth beans is mostly sowing in June.
2. Seedbed preparation: For hyacinth beans, it is best to choose fertile, loose vegetable garden soil as the seedbed site, plow deeply and sun the soil clods for 1 week, break up the soil clods finely, and use a sieve to sift out the fine soil used for filling nutrient bags. Prepare the seedbed site with a 1.2 m clear bed surface and 30 cm ridge width, make high ridges and low beds, and level the bed surface.
3. Nutrient seedling raising: Fill the hyacinth bean seedling nutrient bags with sifted fine soil. After filling 2/3 of the bag with soil, place 4 seeds inside, then fill the nutrient bag full, arrange them in the seedling bed, water thoroughly with a watering can, then cover the nutrient bags with a layer of rice straw or pine needles, and finally cover with a flat film.
4. Seedling stage management: After sowing hyacinth beans, check frequently. Once sprouts appear, ventilate and harden the seedlings in time, remove the covering, and change the flat film to a small arch shed. If the temperature drops suddenly at night, add straw mats outside the small arch shed to prevent frost damage.
Cultivation methods for hyacinth beans
1. Field preparation: For the hyacinth bean planting field, plow deeply and sun the soil clods for 1 week, apply 2 tons of farmyard manure deeply per mu, break up the soil clods finely, make high beds and low ridges, and dig planting holes on the bed surface, forming wide and narrow rows. For wide rows, use a 45 cm plant spacing; for narrow rows, dig 2 lines of planting holes at a 1.5×0.45 m plant-row spacing.
2. Timely transplanting: Hyacinth beans are usually transplanted after mid-February or when the seedlings have 1 leaf and 1 heart. At transplanting, apply 5 to 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, spread it into the sowing holes and mix evenly with the soil. After transplanting, cover the bed surface with film and press it down firmly, poke holes in the film and pull out the hyacinth bean seedlings, and finally water thoroughly to settle the roots.
3. Plant adjustment: After the hyacinth beans survive, insert stakes and build trellises in time, and guide the vines onto the stakes. After entering the vigorous growth period, remove leaves frequently, removing overly dense leaves and diseased, pest-infested and old leaves to reduce nutrient consumption, increase ventilation and light penetration, and benefit the growth of hyacinth bean pods.
4. Fertilizer and water management: 20 days after transplanting hyacinth beans, apply 5 kg of urea and 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu diluted in water. Water with fertilizer 1 to 2 times before harvest. After entering the harvest period, topdress once about every 15 days, applying 5 to 10 kg of urea and 10 to 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu diluted in water.
5. Timely harvest: Hyacinth beans can be eaten from tender pods to old pods, and can be harvested at the appropriate time according to market demand. For hyacinth beans kept for seed, choose pods that show the characteristics of this variety, are plump with filled seeds and bright in skin color from the early to mid-harvest period of the plant, and harvest them when the skin shrinks and dries.
Pest and disease control for hyacinth beans
1. Mosaic virus disease
[Symptoms] It occurs before or after flowering. Slight yellowish-green mottling appears on the leaves, the leaves become smaller or the veins become clear, and some heart leaves do not unfold or the internodes shorten, causing distortion and deformity. Some show systemic ring spots, and diseased plants are stunted.
[Control] ① Choose varieties with strong disease resistance. ② Establish disease-free seed production fields, promptly remove diseased plants, and select truly disease-free bean seeds without brown spots for seed. ③ Strengthen fertilizer and water management to improve plant disease resistance. ④ Control aphids early to prevent the spread of the virus.
2. Rust disease
[Symptoms] It harms leaves. After the leaves are affected, small yellow-white spots first appear, slightly raised, then gradually expand and show rust-brown raised lesions. The disease-inducing factors are high temperature and high humidity, and the peak incidence period is generally July to August.
[Control] Remove diseased remnants from the field and burn them in a centralized manner. You can use 65% zineb wettable powder at 500 times dilution, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1000 times dilution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 800 to 1000 times dilution for control.
3. Leaf spot disease
[Symptoms] Initially, purplish-brown spots appear on both sides of the leaves, then expand into round shapes. Dark green or dark brown mold-like growth appears on the surface of the lesions. The disease occurs easily under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Continuous cropping fields are more severely affected than rotation fields, and the disease is also more severe when ventilation and light penetration are poor.
[Control] Apply more potassium fertilizer to improve plant disease resistance. At the early stage of the disease, promptly spray 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1000 times dilution or 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 1000 times dilution, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 consecutive sprays.
4. Lycaenid butterfly
[Symptoms] The larvae bore into and feed on flower buds and pods, often eating out the ovary and stamens, and infested pods lose their commercial value.
[Control] During the peak outbreak period from August to October, spray 24% methoxyfenozide suspension concentrate at 2500 times dilution or 5% fipronil suspension concentrate at 2000 times dilution.
5. Red spot disease
[Symptoms] The lesions on the leaves are nearly round to irregular, sometimes developing along the veins. The spots are 2 to 9 mm in size, red to reddish-brown, with dense gray mold on the underside, and sometimes also on the leaf surface. In severe cases, it infects the pods.
[Control] ① Select disease-free plants for seed, and disinfect seeds with 45°C warm water for 10 minutes before sowing. ② After harvest in diseased fields, carry out deep plowing, and implement crop rotation where conditions permit. ③ At the early stage of the disease, spray 78% bordeaux mixture · mancozeb (Kebo) wettable powder at 600 times dilution, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 600 times dilution, or 53.8% Kocide 2000 dry suspension concentrate at 1000 times dilution, once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 consecutive treatments.