Three-Row Narrow-Furrow Dense Planting Supporting Cultivation Technology for Soybean on Ridges
The three-row narrow-furrow dense planting supporting technology for soybean on ridges is a new soybean cultivation model independently developed by agricultural science and technology personnel in the reclamation area, and it passed the scientific research achievement appraisal of the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department in December 2005. On the whole, this technology has reached the advanced level of soybean cultivation technology in similar areas in China, and in terms of mechanized rational dense planting...
The three-row narrow-furrow dense planting supporting technology for soybean on ridges is a new soybean cultivation model independently developed by agricultural science and technology personnel in the reclamation area, and it passed the scientific research achievement appraisal of the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department in December 2005. On the whole, this technology has reached the advanced level of soybean cultivation technology in similar areas in China, and has reached the domestic leading level in mechanized rational dense planting technology. Because of its wide suitable range, strong disaster resistance, simple mechanical modification, comprehensive technical assembly, convenient operation and large yield increase, it has been extended over more than 1 million mu in 6 years, with an average yield increase of 30kg per mu and a yield increase rate of more than 20%. This article elaborates in detail on the three-row narrow-furrow dense planting supporting technology for soybean on ridges.
1 Technical model of three-row narrow-furrow dense planting for soybean on ridges
In this model, the row spacing is 65cm, the seedling band width is 24cm, and there are three seedling bands on the ridge, with a row spacing of 12cm between the seedling bands. Optimal population density: 28,000-31,000 plants/mu for tall-stalk varieties, and 31,000-33,000 plants/mu for semi-dwarf varieties. At 28,000 plants, the seed drop per meter of row in the three rows is 9 seeds each, totaling 27 seeds/m. At 31,000 plants, the seed drop per meter of row in the two outer rows is 11 seeds each, and the seed drop per meter of row in the middle row is 8 seeds, totaling 30 seeds/m for the three rows. At 33,000 plants, the seed drop per meter of row in the two outer rows is 11 seeds each, and the seed drop per meter of row in the middle row is 10 seeds, totaling 32 seeds/m for the three rows. Its advantages are: the wide platform on the ridge resists drought and waterlogging, the population has good rational canopy closure, early ridge closure and high yield.
2 Autumn soil preparation technology
Carry out autumn soil preparation well with deep loosening as the core, and conduct deep loosening, shallow plowing and harrowing stubble in rotation within 3 years, and form ridges in autumn, so as to realize autumn rain and winter snow used in spring, and spring drought prevented in autumn, ensuring full seedling establishment with one sowing. The specific requirements for soil preparation are: autumn plowing more than 22cm, shallow plowing 15cm, deep loosening more than 30cm, achieving a plow layer soil that is level, loose, broken and firm. Use a seven-share plow to form ridges with a ridge spacing of 65cm, to enhance drought and waterlogging resistance.
3 Select high-oil, high-yield improved varieties
Select high-yield varieties adapted to the local ecology, with an oil content of more than 21.5%, a protein content of more than 38%, large yield increase potential and strong stress resistance. For example: Kenjiandou 25, Mengdou 14, Jiangmodou No. 1, Mengdou 12, Heihe 27, Mengdou No. 9, etc. Seed treatment must pass three stages: the seed selection stage, the seed dressing and coating stage, and the nanometer device treatment stage.
4 Seed coating for pest and disease control
Use green seed coating agent at 1.5%-2% of seed amount, or US-produced Weifu seed coating agent at a pesticide-to-seed ratio of 1:200 for coating; or use 35% Duokefu 1-1.5kg + Weifu 0.5kg per 100 kg of soybean seed for coating, to control soybean root diseases and pests. Use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 0.1% of seed amount for seed dressing, to control soybean root maggot. Use thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, dimethachlon, etc. for foliar spraying to control soybean sclerotinia. In the early podding stage of soybean, use dichlorvos fumigation to control soybean pod borer.
5 Promote the nanometer biological growth promoter
The Nano 863 biological growth promoter promotes the growth of animals and plants by increasing the energy of water, feed, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other substances, and has functions such as promoting crop root activity and nitrate reductase activity, enhancing the ability to absorb water and fertilizer and utilize nitrogen fertilizer, and saving fertilizer and pesticides. Treat soybean seeds with the nanometer device holes facing the seed pile for 5 hours, and finish sowing within 3 days; after emergence, mix water treated with the nanometer device for 5 hours with herbicide, which can reduce the herbicide dosage by 25% and obtain the same weeding effect as conventional dosage. Nanometer device treatment of seeds and fertilizers has become a mature technology in the Greater Khingan Mountains reclamation area, with the effects of strengthening roots and growing leaves, increasing seed-setting rate, promoting maturity and increasing yield, while saving costs and labor.
6 Formula fertilization
Strongly advocate the application of organic fertilizer to enrich soil and improve soil, combine use and nourishment, improve soil structure, and make cultivated land sustainably usable. Apply 3 tons per mu, once every 3 years, applied all at once as base fertilizer together with soil preparation.
According to local soil test results and soil fertilizer supply capacity, combined with fertilizer utilization rate, design the yield level according to local production conditions, and scientifically and rationally determine the amount of seed fertilizer. Seed fertilizer must be applied deep below the seed or in layers below the seed, with fertilizer applied deep at 5-8cm below the seed, and absolutely avoid seed and fertilizer at the same position to prevent seed burning. Niansheng brand Northeast soybean special fertilizer (No. 2) is a potassium sulfate type six-element compound fertilizer (containing N15, P30, K15, Zn0.5, B0.5, Mo0.5) produced through cooperation between the Greater Khingan Mountains reclamation area and Yunnan Honglin Company. It has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, convenient application, low cost and good effect. The application rate is 12-15kg per mu, and the yield increase rate is more than 8%. The reclamation area has extended it for more than one million mu for 4 consecutive years.
The growth period of soybean varieties cultivated in eastern Inner Mongolia is 95-130 days, and seed fertilizer and base fertilizer cannot meet the fertilizer requirements of soybean at different stages, so late-stage fertilizer deficiency causes serious yield reduction. For this reason, great attention must be paid to the application of foliar fertilizer. During the growth period, carry out root topdressing according to "looking at the sky, looking at the land, looking at the seedlings." At the 2-3 compound leaf stage of soybean (seedling stage), use 300g urea + 20ml Yunda-120 per mu diluted in 30kg water; at the 5-6 compound leaf stage of soybean (flowering stage), use 300g urea + 20ml Yunda-120 + 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu diluted in 30kg water; before soybean ridge closure (podding stage), use 300g urea + 20ml Yunda-120 + 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu diluted in 30kg water.
7 Efficient weeding technology for soybean
For thistle, orchid grass and sowthistle in soybean fields, the following formulas can be used for control.
7.1 Soil treatment formulas before sowing or before seedling emergence after sowing (dosage per mu) 72% propisochlor 133ml + 75% thifensulfuron-methyl 1g + 48% Tiandeji 66ml; 72% propisochlor 70ml + 90% acetochlor 66ml + 75% thifensulfuron-methyl 1g + 48% Tiandeji 66ml; spray water volume per mu 30kg; poor soil moisture affects the weeding effect. Eliminate long-residual herbicides such as chlorimuron-ethyl, soybean-acetochlor mixture, 50% acetochlor, etc., to reduce phytotoxicity and effects on subsequent crops.
7.2 Post-emergence chemical weeding formulas for soybean Post-emergence treatment is carried out at the 1-2 compound leaf stage of weeds, when chemical weeding is safe for soybean and the weeding effect is good. Post-emergence chemical weeding for soybean advocates the use of compound preparations or three- or four-element mixed chemical weeding. For example, compound formulations such as Jingguanghu, Sanxiongdi, Gengtianyi, etc., one product simultaneously controls grasses and broadleaf weeds, and also has low dosage, convenient use, basically no phytotoxicity and good weeding effect.
① Use 35% Jingguanghu 200-300ml per mu + adjuvant; ② use 13.6% Sanxiongdi 266-300ml per mu; ③ use 18% Gengtianyi 200-300ml per mu. For chemical weeding water, use natural water, which has high water temperature and complete nutrients, and the water volume per mu should be no less than 30kg. In case of drought, add vegetable oil type adjuvant; the operation time is best after 4 p.m. or spraying at night, and choose high-atomization spraying machinery.
8 Promote and apply plant growth regulators mainly based on Yunda-120
Yunda-120 is a new type of high-efficiency plant growth regulator developed by Yunnan University. Its active ingredient is "brassinolide," an endogenous hormone widely present in plants, which can significantly enhance the physiological metabolic functions of plants. There are two application methods of Yunda-120 on soybean: seed dressing and foliar spraying.
Seed dressing: after seed cleaning, mix 5ml Yunda-120 per mu of seed amount, or it can be mixed with soybean seed coating agent for coating, and sowing can be done after drying in the shade. With Yunda-120 seed dressing, soybean germinates early, roots quickly, emerges early and resists low temperature. After emergence, the leaves are dark green, the seedlings are uniform and strong, the 100-seed weight increases by 0.2-0.3g, early maturity is promoted by 2-3 days, and yield increases by 10%.
Foliar spraying: at the soybean seedling stage and flower-pod stage, use Yunda-120 (20ml) per mu diluted in 30kg water for spraying. The soybean seed-setting rate increases by 8%, maturity is advanced by 5-7 days, the 100-seed weight increases by 0.5-0.7g, the soybean seeds are plump and bright in color, and yield increases by 18.2%.
Yunda-120 has the effect of alleviating herbicide phytotoxicity, low-temperature cold damage and frost damage, and can significantly enhance crop drought resistance. Use 20ml Yunda-120 + 50ml rice vinegar per mu, diluted in 30kg water for spraying; or use 0.13% Kangkai 2-3g + Yiwei 20-30ml per mu, diluted in 30kg water for spraying, which can effectively alleviate phytotoxicity and frost damage.
Applying Yunda-120 in soybean seed dressing, seedling stage and flower-pod stage, combined with urea, rice vinegar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace element fertilizers, etc., can achieve the goals of increasing yield, increasing efficiency and improving quality.
9 Implement water-saving irrigation for soybean
At the soybean flowering stage and podding stage, create conditions and implement water-saving irrigation respectively according to precipitation conditions, ensure the soybean's water demand, and achieve increased yield and improved quality of soybean.
This technology realizes the close combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, is suitable for extension in areas with a shorter growth period, lower accumulated temperature and relatively dry soil, will significantly raise the comprehensive production level of soybean in high-cold areas, promote the process of high-quality and industrialization of soybean, enhance the market competitiveness of commercial soybean, and is an effective way for farmers in major soybean production areas to increase yield and income.