Key Technical Points for Spring Pest and Disease Control in High-Quality Wheat
1. Spraying paclobutrazol: At the wheat jointing stage, spray 30 kg of 200 ppm paclobutrazol solution per mu. This can dwarf the plants, enhance lodging resistance, and also control wheat powdery mildew and improve the plant's absorption and utilization rate of nitrogen. 2. Applying uniconazole: Uniconazole is a new type of high-efficiency plant growth regulator, and its biological activity...
With the acceleration of agricultural structural adjustment, high-quality wheat production has developed rapidly, but pests and diseases have always been one of the important factors restricting the improvement of wheat yield and quality. In order to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of spring pests and diseases in high-quality wheat, improve the marketability of high-quality wheat, achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency, and increase farmers' income, the main pest and disease control techniques for spring high-quality wheat are briefly described as follows:I. Green-up and jointing stage. The focus of control at the green-up and jointing stage is wheat sharp eyespot, wheat blossom midge, and red spider. Sharp eyespot is one of the main diseases in high-quality wheat production, and control should be carried out early rather than late. Generally, the first application is sprayed in early March, and another application is made after 10-15 days. For 667 sq m (1 mu), use 40 g of 20% validamycin wettable powder, or 40 g of 20% Wenkujing wettable powder, or 20 g of 12.5% Heguoli wettable powder, or 40-50 g of 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate, add 40-50 kg of water, and spray toward the base of the wheat. This can also control wheat powdery mildew, rust, and other diseases. In recent years, wheat blossom midge has occurred rather severely, generally 3-5 insects per small square (10 cm x 10 cm x 20 cm), with the highest reaching more than 90, causing wheat yield reduction or basically total crop failure. It is necessary to seize the favorable opportunity when the wheat seedlings are small and easy to handle at this time, and carry out control when the wheat blossom midge larvae rise to the soil surface and become active. For 667 sq m, use 150-200 ml of 40% isofenphos-methyl emulsifiable concentrate or 200 ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, add an appropriate amount of water, mix with 25 kg of fine soil to make toxic soil, spread it evenly along the wheat rows, then shallow hoe, turn the medicated soil into the soil, and then water; or for 667 sq m, use 2 kg of 3% isofenphos-methyl granules mixed with 20 kg of fine soil and spread evenly on the ground surface, then shallow hoe and turn into the soil. This can also control wireworms, mole crickets, white grubs, and other pests. After investigation shows that red spider in some wheat fields has reached the control threshold, for 667 sq m, use 6-8 ml of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 20 ml of Luheng Shasi, add 40-50 kg of water, and spray for spot treatment.
II. Booting, heading, and flowering stage. At this stage, the focus is on controlling wheat blossom midge and red spider, and monitoring powdery mildew, stripe rust, fusarium head blight, and other pests and diseases. When wheat enters the pre-heading and flowering period, this is exactly the key period when adult wheat blossom midges emerge from the soil and harm wheat (before April 25). For each 667 sq m, use 50 ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 40 ml of 40% omethoate, add 40-50 kg of water, and spray in time for control. If wheat has begun flowering and wheat blossom midges have already drilled into the wheat glumes and begun sucking and harming, then spraying pesticides again will be of no avail.
When red spider or long-legged red spider in the wheat field reaches 200 or 100 per 0.33 m of a single row respectively, control should be carried out. For 667 sq m, use 6-8 ml of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 40-50 kg of water and spray. The control effect is remarkable, and it can also control wheat aphid. Powdery mildew, rust, and other diseases are epidemic diseases, so regular investigation must be carried out, and control should be carried out in time when the control threshold is reached to prevent large-scale epidemic. For 667 sq m, use 20 g of 12.5% Heguoli wettable powder or 75-100 g of 15% triadimefon wettable powder, add 50 kg of water, and spray evenly. Spray again after 7-10 days, and the control effect is very good. From full heading to early flowering of wheat, if the weather forecast predicts rainfall lasting 2-3 days or more, immediately use 100 ml of 50% carbendazim emulsifiable concentrate or 100 g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder per 667 sq m, add 50 kg of water, and spray. This can effectively prevent the occurrence of fusarium head blight.
III. Grain-filling stage. The wheat grain-filling stage is the peak period for the occurrence of multiple diseases, and it is also a key period for controlling pests and diseases and achieving high yield and high quality in wheat. The focus of control at this stage is wheat ear aphid, powdery mildew, rust, and so on. For 667 sq m, use 20 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25-35 ml of 25% Kuaishaling emulsifiable concentrate, add 40-50 kg of water, and spray. This can effectively control wheat ear aphid. The methods for controlling powdery mildew and rust are the same as above, and it can also control wheat leaf blight. If the ratio of natural enemies to aphids in the field is greater than 1:120, then it is unnecessary to use insecticides for aphid control.
For pest and disease control in superior wheat, it is necessary to carry out targeted control according to the different characteristics of different wheat varieties, on the basis of good pest and disease forecasting, and in accordance with control thresholds.