What are the functions and benefits of wheat seed dressing?
What is the use of wheat seed dressing? Please explain. Specifically, wheat seed dressing: first, it is safe for the seeds, so wheat emerges uniformly and the seedlings grow robustly; second, it has good preventive effects on both seed-borne and soil-borne diseases of wheat, and can effectively control various diseases during the wheat seedling stage; third, it has a long duration of effect and can provide long-term...
What is the use of wheat seed dressing? Please explain.
Specifically, wheat seed dressing: first, it is safe for the seeds, so wheat emerges uniformly and the seedlings grow robustly; second, it has good preventive effects on both seed-borne and soil-borne diseases of wheat, and can effectively control various diseases during the wheat seedling stage; third, it has a long duration of effect and can protect wheat seedlings from the threat of disease infection for a long time; fourth, the yield increase effect is obvious, with an increase of about 10-15% per mu; seed dressing is simple to operate, and the efficacy is long-lasting and stable.
Wheat seed dressing mainly controls the following pests and diseases: first, soil-borne diseases, mainly sheath blight, take-all, and root rot. These pathogens can survive in the soil for many years, and after wheat seed dressing, the pathogens can infect the seeds as they begin to germinate. Second, systemic infection diseases, mainly flag smut, loose smut, and stinking smut. The pathogens invade the growing point when the seeds germinate, then systematically infect the plant as the wheat grows, showing harmful symptoms at the heading stage. Third, underground pests, mainly white grubs, mole crickets, and wireworms. They bite the root crown of wheat during the autumn seedling stage and after green-up, causing missing seedlings and broken rows. The effective method is chemical seed dressing. Fourth, aboveground pests, mainly small brown planthoppers and others.
Chemical seed dressing to control wheat pests and diseases should adopt a zoned management approach. According to the types of pests and diseases occurring locally, determine the type of seed dressing agent, the application method, and the dosage.
1. Control of wheat rust
In areas where multiple pests and diseases occur simultaneously and cause damage alternately during the seedling stage, it is advisable to choose fungicides and insecticides for mixed seed dressing, so as to simultaneously control underground pests, wheat midges, aphids, and other seedling-stage pests. Fungicides such as triadimefon have a very low effective concentration, and dressing seeds at 0.03% (active ingredient) of the dry seed weight can achieve a good disease-control effect. After treating wheat seeds with the chemical, delayed emergence (generally 1-2 days later) and plant dwarfing often occur, but there is no adverse effect on emergence rate, later growth, or yield. If the dosage is excessive, it will cause phytotoxicity.
2. Control of underground pests
Treating wheat seeds with chemicals before sowing and treating the soil are the most effective measures for controlling underground pests of wheat. Seed dressing treatment: in areas where underground pests generally occur, chemical seed dressing can be used for control. You can choose 50% phoxim for seed dressing at 0.2% of the seed amount, that is, 100 jin of seed with 100 grams of the chemical, mixed with 2-3 kg of water. You can also use 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at 0.3% of the seed weight for seed dressing. After dressing, pile and cover for 4-6 hours before sowing, which can effectively control underground pests. Soil treatment: in areas with severe underground pest occurrence, soil treatment and seed dressing should be combined for control. For soil treatment, 2-2.5 kg of 3% phoxim granules per mu can be evenly broadcast on the ground and then turned into the soil. Alternatively, 250 ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate per mu can be mixed with 1-2 kg of water and 20-25 kg of fine soil to make poisonous soil, which is evenly broadcast on the ground and then turned into the soil.
3. Control of diseases such as stinking smut, take-all, and powdery mildew
Chemical seed dressing can not only control smut diseases of wheat but also effectively control the occurrence and damage of wheat rust, take-all, and powdery mildew before winter, reducing the amount of overwintering inoculum.
(1) In areas where loose smut, stinking smut, root rot, sheath blight, take-all, and other diseases occur, 40% quintozene can be used for dry dressing at 0.5% of the wheat seed weight (that is, 40 grams per mu, dressing about 8 kg of wheat) to control wheat stinking smut; you can also choose one bag (10 ml) of 6% tebuconazole (Lickxiu) suspension concentrate, add 0.8-1 jin of water, and dress 50-70 jin of seed, or use 2.5% fludioxonil (Celest) suspension concentrate at the recommended dose for wheat seed dressing, which can also simultaneously control autumn seedling rust and powdery mildew; use 15% triadimefon wettable powder at 0.2% of seed weight for seed dressing, or 1 jin of 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 5 jin of water to dress 500 jin of wheat seed, which can control powdery mildew and leaf rust.
(2) In areas with severe wheat take-all occurrence, 12.5% silthiofam (Quanshijing) suspension concentrate can be selected for seed treatment, which has a very good control effect on wheat take-all. Generally, use one bag (20 ml) of Quanshijing, first mix with 300-500 ml of water, then dress 20-25 jin of seed. After mixing evenly, pile and cover the seed for 6-12 hours (which helps the chemical work and kills the pathogens carried by the seeds), then dry it in a cool place before sowing.
(3) In areas where wheat yellow dwarf disease and wheat rosette dwarf disease occur, imidacloprid can be used to treat seeds to control the virus-transmitting insects, control the occurrence and damage of wheat yellow dwarf disease and wheat rosette dwarf disease, and simultaneously control underground pests.
(4) In areas where multiple diseases and pests occur together, efforts should be made to promote the application of seed coating agents or seed dressing agents combining fungicides and insecticides for coating or seed treatment. Each locality should select seed coating agents or seed dressing agents with appropriate formulas according to the main local pest and disease types. Their dosage is generally the same as the active ingredient of each single agent in the compound (mixed) agent when used alone.
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