How to fertilize sweet peppers to increase yield? These fertilization methods you need to master
How should sweet peppers be fertilized to increase yield? Please give an introduction. Sweet peppers have a long growth period, an underdeveloped root system, few roots, and shallow soil penetration; they are neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. Their fertilizer demand is greater than that of tomatoes and eggplants, and they have a strong tolerance for fertilizer. The fertilizer demand characteristics of sweet peppers are: the highest potassium uptake, followed by nitrogen, and the lowest phosphorus. Among vegetables, sweet peppers...
How should sweet peppers be fertilized to increase yield? Please give an introduction
Sweet peppers have a long growth period, an underdeveloped root system, few roots, and shallow soil penetration; they are neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. Their fertilizer demand is greater than that of tomatoes and eggplants, and they have a strong tolerance for fertilizer. The fertilizer demand characteristics of sweet peppers are: the highest potassium uptake, followed by nitrogen, and the lowest phosphorus. Among vegetables, sweet peppers belong to the high-nitrogen, medium-to-high potassium type, and their total fertilizer demand is relatively large. Therefore, in production, attention should be paid to the adequate supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to help enlarge leaf area and improve the photosynthetic capacity of leaves. This can coordinate vegetative growth and reproductive growth, so that neither "small old seedlings" caused by stalled vegetative growth nor "overgrown plants" caused by excessive stem and leaf growth will form. When the main goal is harvesting tender fruits, raising the potassium nutrition level so that the nitrogen-to-potassium ratio equals 1 or is slightly greater than 1 is more appropriate, and it is of great significance for improving fruit quality, including commercial quality and nutritional quality.
In addition, calcium nutrition in sweet peppers should not be ignored. Once calcium is deficient, the fruits are prone to blossom-end rot, which greatly reduces fruit quality. Fertilization techniques: (1) Seedling fertilizer. Choose garden soil with high organic matter content and good granular structure. For every 10 sq m of seedbed, apply 150-200 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer (treated with Jinbaobei fermentation agent) and 2-3 kg of superphosphate, and mix evenly with the bed soil. If the seedlings grow slowly, have narrow leaves, thin and weak stems, and yellow leaves, 15-20 days before transplanting, apply 1.0 kg of ammonium sulfate or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as a topdressing with irrigation water, or carry out 2-3 foliar sprays of an aqueous solution containing 0.5% urea and 0.5% monopotassium phosphate. (2) Base fertilizer. The place of origin of sweet peppers is tropical regions, where they have long grown in a warm and humid climate and in fertile, loose soil. They have the characteristics of an underdeveloped taproot, shallow root distribution, moderate aerobicity, and a large fertilizer demand. Therefore, the amount of base fertilizer applied is very important for high-yield cultivation of sweet peppers. The amount of high-quality organic fertilizer applied per mu should reach 5000-7000 kg. Base fertilizer can use pigpen manure, human excrement and urine, chicken manure, and miscellaneous farmyard manure, etc. However, no matter what fertilizer is used, it must be fully decomposed, preferably treated with Jinbaobei fermentation agent, and attention should also be paid to the combined application of phosphorus and potassium. Mix 35-50 kg of superphosphate per mu into the organic fertilizer for composting, and 35-30 kg of potassium sulfate can also be mixed in. The application method of base fertilizer is: before land preparation, broadcast 60% of the base fertilizer, and at transplanting, open furrows according to the row spacing and apply the remaining 40%. Combining broadcasting with furrow application can avoid seedling burn caused by concentrated fertilizer and is beneficial to the development of young seedlings. (3) Topdressing. Generally, 3 topdressings are needed. The first topdressing is carried out after seedling recovery. Open furrows near the plants, apply high-quality organic fertilizer into the furrows, then cover with soil. At this time, properly control watering to promote root development through seedling restraint; the second topdressing is carried out during the full fruit-bearing stage. Before harvesting the first layer of fruits (gate peppers), when the second layer of fruits (paired peppers) and the third layer of fruits (four-door clusters) continue to expand and the fourth layer of fruits is finishing flowering and setting fruit, this is the peak period of fertilizer demand. At this time, nitrogen fertilizer and an appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer should be applied as topdressing: 10-13 kg of urea or 23-28 kg of ammonium sulfate, and 12-15 kg of potassium sulfate; the third topdressing should be carried out in the middle and late stages of harvesting, applying human excrement and urine (or livestock and poultry manure water) once every 8-10 days, or an appropriate amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. The amount should depend on the plant growth at that time, and attention should be paid to combining it with irrigation. (4) Application of biological fertilizer. Biological bacterial fertilizer not only contains large amounts of nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing active bacteria, but also contains organic matter, humic acid, and trace elements, etc. It can be applied in combination with other fertilizers at any fertilizer-requiring stage of sweet peppers. It can not only save the amount of fertilizer used, but also solve problems such as soil compaction and increase soil microbial content.
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