How to prevent and control bacterial wilt in white sesame? These methods you need to master
How to prevent and control bacterial wilt in white sesame? Please advise. Bacterial wilt in white sesame is very common and has a serious impact on its yield and quality. Its disease characteristics and control techniques are as follows: 1. Conditions for disease onset. Bacterial wilt in white sesame is mainly caused by excessive soil moisture in the field. The pathogen overwinters in the soil with diseased plant residues...
How to prevent and control bacterial wilt in white sesame? Please advise
Bacterial wilt in white sesame is very common and has a serious impact on its yield and quality. Its disease characteristics and control techniques are as follows:
1. Conditions for disease onset
Bacterial wilt in white sesame is mainly caused by excessive soil moisture in the field. The pathogen overwinters in the soil with diseased plant residues and spreads through flowing water or farming operations. The disease is more severe in continuously cropped fields. The peak incidence often occurs in the hot months of July to August. After heavy rain, when the temperature rises sharply, the disease is prone to occur and spread.
2. Damage symptoms
Bacterial wilt in white sesame is a bacterial disease. On the outside of the roots and stems of affected plants, dark brown streaks appear; inside, the vascular bundles turn brown, with bacterial ooze exuding, which dries into pitch-black, glossy particles. In the early stage of the disease, affected plants appear water-deficient, wilting during the day and recovering at night. After a few days, the leaves wilt rapidly from the top downward, the old leaves hang down, and then the whole plant dies. After the leaves are affected, the veins show dark green streaks, sometimes crisscrossing to form a net; when held up to the light, the center appears oil-soaked. After the capsules are affected, water-soaked lesions appear and gradually turn into dark brown streaks of varying thickness, causing the diseased capsules to shrink, and further causing the seeds to become shriveled and lose their ability to germinate.
3. Control techniques
(1) Agricultural control
1. Select improved disease-resistant varieties and carry out a three-year rotation with non-solanaceous and non-leguminous crops.
2. White sesame is not tolerant of waterlogging. During its growth and development, if heavy rain or torrential rain causes water to accumulate in the field, it should be drained promptly so that no water remains in the field after the rain stops.
3. Apply more organic fertilizer, especially potassium fertilizer.
4. Promptly pull out, destroy, or deeply bury diseased plants.
(2) Chemical control
1. Use 1 part limewater and 15 parts lime powder to disinfect diseased holes.
2. Before sowing, use chlorothalonil for soil treatment, which gives a good preventive effect; or in the early stage of the disease, spray with a 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times solution, or use 50 ml of 3% cresol guaiacol plus 100 g of 50% carbendazim per mu, diluted in 50 kg of water for spraying.
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