How to Grow White Sesame for High Yield? A Detailed Guide to Cultivation Techniques
How can white sesame be grown for high yield? Please provide guidance. To grow white sesame for high yield, you can refer to the following cultivation methods: 1. Select good varieties. For white sesame production, choose varieties such as Yuzhi No. 4, Yuzhi No. 8, and Yuzhi No. 10, which are high-yielding, high-quality, strongly stress-resistant, and have pure white seeds. To overcome the low yield and...
How can white sesame be grown for high yield? Please provide guidance.
To grow white sesame for high yield, you can refer to the following cultivation methods:
1. Select good varieties. For white sesame production, choose varieties such as Yuzhi No. 4, Yuzhi No. 8, and Yuzhi No. 10, which are high-yielding, high-quality, strongly stress-resistant, and have pure white seeds. To overcome the low yield and severe pest and disease problems caused by continuous sesame cropping, repeated trials showed that on the same plot, planting Yuzhi No. 4 one year and Yuzhi No. 8 the next year increased yield by 11.6% and reduced the disease incidence rate by 14.6% compared with continuing to plant Yuzhi No. 4, so switching improved varieties from year to year should be strongly encouraged.
2. Sow early at the right time. Sesame sowing occurs from late May to early June, which is the critical period for hurriedly harvesting and threshing rapeseed and wheat. If the weather is poor, it will directly affect timely sowing. Therefore, clear and sow one plot at a time. For soil with poor moisture, water before sowing to build up moisture and ensure a full stand from one sowing.
Treating the seeds and soil before sowing is key to ensuring a full stand from one sowing. Per mu, use 50-100 ml of 50% phoxim plus 150 ml of 50% carbendazim, mix into 2-2.5 kg of roasted wheat bran or sesame cake, let it sit for 1-2 hours, then scatter it into the field to be sown. Pesticides generally should not be mixed directly with sesame seeds, as this may affect sprouting. Before sowing, sun-dry the sesame seeds for 2-3 hours. If moisture is good, sow 250-300 g per mu; if moisture is poor, sow 500 g per mu to ensure a full stand from one sowing. When sowing, use wide-narrow rows (40 cm x 20 cm) or wide rows (40 cm x 40 cm), sow with a precision seeder, and after sowing harrow finely to preserve soil moisture.
3. Chemical weed control. Chemical weed control is divided into pre-emergence and post-emergence. Pre-emergence: within 3 days after sowing, use 100-150 ml of 50% acetochlor per mu, dilute in 40-50 kg of water, and spray the soil surface. Spray before 9 a.m. or after 5 p.m., and be sure to spray evenly without repeated spraying or missed spots. If moisture is poor, spray more water, but pre-emergence herbicides must not be used on plots sown dry and waiting for rain. Post-emergence: during the 2-4 leaf stage of weeds, for plots mainly infested with monocotyledonous weeds, use 50 ml of 3.5% quizalofop-p-ethyl per mu diluted in 40-50 kg of water and spray on stems and leaves; for plots mainly infested with dicotyledonous weeds, use 60-75 ml of 25% fomesafen per mu diluted in 40-50 kg of water and spray on stems and leaves; for plots with a mix of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, the above two agents can be mixed and sprayed, but the dosage should be appropriately reduced.
4. Field management
(1) Seedling-stage management, cultivating strong seedlings, and timely intertillage. Strong seedlings are the foundation of high-yield sesame. Thin seedlings early and establish the final stand early; for plots sown on stubble with no prior tillage, intertill early to remove stubble. When sesame seedlings grow their 1st-2nd pair of true leaves, thin for the first time. When they grow 3-4 pairs of true leaves, thin for the second time and establish the final stand. Final stand spacing should be uniform, generally leaving 10,000-12,000 plants per mu. For early-sown plots with high fertility, leaving 8,000-10,000 plants per mu is suitable. For stubble fields, carry out one intertillage when establishing the final stand. At this time, the early flowering stage is approaching, so intertillage should be shallow. To improve intertillage quality, intertill on a sunny morning.
(2) Fertilizer and water management. When preparing the land, apply 35 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 35 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 12 kg of potassium chloride, and 35 kg of plant cake per mu. For seedling fertilizer, apply fully decomposed and crushed organic fertilizer before seedling emergence after sowing, 1-2 cubic meters per mu. During the seedling stage, apply 6 kg of urea per mu. At the early flowering stage, apply 8-10 kg of urea per mu. During the budding and capsule-setting stages, combine with pesticide application and spray the leaves with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% urea, and boron fertilizer (20 g/mu) 1-2 times. During the entire growth period of white sesame, do not water unless there is drought. When rainwater accumulates in the field on rainy days, drain it promptly to prevent waterlogging damage.
(3) Top pruning at the right time. Top pruning white sesame 30 days before harvest can promote full seed filling and reduce nutrient consumption caused by empty tips.
5. Pest and disease control. White sesame has many pests and diseases. For pest and disease control in white sesame, prevention should be the priority, combining prevention with control.
(1) Soil-dwelling pests and seedling-stage pests should be controlled at sowing time through soil disinfection and seed treatment. In addition, management should be strengthened to cultivate strong seedlings and robust plants, so as to improve the disease resistance of sesame.
(2) Combine foliar fertilizer spraying with chemical control of white sesame pests and diseases. After establishing the final stand, use 10 ml of Yemianbao, 1.5 kg of urea, 50-100 ml of 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate, and 30 ml of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate per mu, diluted in 50 kg of water, and spray on the leaves. This can both control pests and diseases at this stage and serve as topdressing. From the budding stage to the flowering stage of white sesame, spray per mu 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.5 kg of urea, 15 ml of Yemianbao, 150 ml of 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate, and 50 ml of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or methamidophos emulsifiable concentrate, diluted in 75 kg of water. This can effectively control bacterial wilt, damping-off, phytophthora blight, and pests such as green caterpillars, white sesame hawk moths, and mirids at this stage. After white sesame finishes flowering, spray per mu 100 ml of 50% carbendazim, 50 g of 20% validamycin, and 20-30 ml of 20% dichlorvos, diluted in 50 kg of water. This can effectively control pests and diseases in the late stage of white sesame and improve its cold resistance.
6. Harvest at the right time. Generally, the suitable harvest period is when the white sesame leaves have basically fallen, the capsules have turned from green to yellow, and the lower 2-3 capsules have split. After harvesting, tie into small bundles and dry in the sun. After drying, beat each bundle, then dry again in the sun, and beat once more.
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