How to grow black sesame for high yield? Detailed explanation of cultivation techniques
How can black sesame be grown for high yield? Please give an introduction. There are many varieties of black sesame, and "Zhongzhi No. 9", bred by the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is the primary variety. This variety is of the branching type, and its yield per 667 sq m (mu) can reach 58.33 kg. The growth period for summer sowing is 95 days. The seed coat is jet black, and the 1000-grain weight is 2.63 g. Oil content...
How can black sesame be grown for high yield? Please give an introduction
There are many varieties of black sesame, and "Zhongzhi No. 9", bred by the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is the primary variety. This variety is of the branching type, and its yield per 667 sq m (mu) can reach 58.33 kg. The growth period for summer sowing is 95 days. The seed coat is jet black, and the 1000-grain weight is 2.63 g. The oil content reaches 47.3%, and the protein content is above 21%. This variety has strong resistance to stem blight and is a variety worth promoting.
At present, sesame cultivation mainly adopts the "double-stem cultivation method". This method mainly involves removing the growing tip when the third pair of true leaves of the sesame seedling is half-unfolded, so that the axillary buds of the first (or second) pair of true leaves sprout and grow, forming double stems. To use this method, the following points should be mastered:
1. Seed dressing with chemicals, crop rotation, and early sowing while preserving soil moisture. Before sowing, 8 g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 40% carbendazim suspension concentrate can be mixed with 0.5 kg of water into a paste and stirred evenly with 0.5 kg of seeds, ready for sowing. Sesame should not be planted continuously in the same field, and a rotation system of 2 crops in 4 years is recommended. Try to secure a good preceding crop and sow early.
2. Sow early at the proper time and master the density. The sowing period for summer sesame should be no later than June 15, and generally the earlier the better. The cultivation density is generally 8000-10000 plants per 667 sq m.
3. Strictly master the timing and method of topping. For summer sesame, retain 2 pairs of true leaves when topping, and retain 2-3 cm of stem nodes above the leaves. In the same field, keep the standard for retained true leaves consistent, and finish topping all at once.
4. Pay attention to supplementary seedling fertilizer. After topping sesame, to prevent nutrient deficiency in the newly grown branches, an appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizer can be applied; when the new branches grow their second and third pairs of true leaves, spray 100-fold mepiquat chloride or paclobutrazol solution to prevent lodging later and increase the number of effective capsules.
5. Prevent waterlogging and drought, manage early and early, and prevent weed infestation. When planting, first open the bed furrows and surrounding furrows. Generally, the bed surface width is 2-2.5 m, the bed furrow depth is 0.3 m, and the surrounding furrow depth is 0.4-0.5 m. The arrangement of furrows and beds depends on the terrain and soil quality, and in level areas waist furrows should also be made. When the seedlings grow 2-3 pairs of true leaves, thin them to a final stand, with row spacing and plant spacing of 36 cm x 12-15 cm, and carry out one intertillage and weeding. When the seedlings are 33 cm tall, combine topdressing with earthing up.
6. Fertilize scientifically and prevent diseases and pests. Because summer sesame has a short growth period and requires much fertilizer in a concentrated way, it is best to apply base fertilizer as the main application. Apply about 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per 667 sq m, plus 30-40 kg of phosphate fertilizer and about 6-8 kg of potassium fertilizer. During the growth period, for fields with sparse seedlings and weak growth, 3-5 kg of urea can be topdressed per 667 sq m. At the jointing stage, to prevent angular leaf spot and leaf blight, spray leaves twice with 50% iprodione 1000-fold solution. If aphids occur, use 2000-3000-fold dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate spray.
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