How to fertilize sesame for high yields? Detailed fertilization methods
How to fertilize sesame for high yields? Please provide guidance on the nutrient requirements of high-yielding sesame. Sesame is a fertilizer-loving crop; for every 100 kg of seed produced, it needs to absorb 8-9 kg of pure nitrogen, 3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 7 kg of potassium oxide. At present, sesame yields are generally 40-60 kg per mu, while high-yielding fields generally reach 75-95 kg...
How to fertilize sesame for high yields? Please provide guidance
Nutrient requirements of high-yielding sesame. Sesame is a fertilizer-loving crop; for every 100 kg of seed produced, it needs to absorb 8-9 kg of pure nitrogen, 3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 7 kg of potassium oxide. At present, sesame yields are generally 40-60 kg per mu, while high-yielding fields generally reach 75-95 kg. In the early growth stage, the seedlings are small and weak, the root system is not well developed, and the ability to absorb nutrients is weak; in the middle and late growth stages, the plant enters a period of simultaneous vegetative and reproductive growth, and the root system also enters a vigorous growth phase, so the demand for nutrients increases. If fertility is insufficient during this period, the plants will be short, with few flowers and pods, few seeds, and low yields.
Fertilization techniques for high-yielding sesame:
Apply sufficient basal fertilizer. According to surveys, 80% of fields do not receive basal fertilizer or topdressing. Increasing the application of basal fertilizer helps promote a well-developed root system, with the main root growing longer and more lateral roots, absorbing more nutrients, early seedling growth, increased leaf area, enhanced photosynthesis, and building a framework for high yields. Specifically, the basal fertilizer must be applied thoroughly and in full at one time; each mu requires 2000-2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 20-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 10-15 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 0.7-1 kg of boron fertilizer. If 75-100 kg of cake fertilizer and 20-25 kg of compound fertilizer are added, the yield increase effect is even more significant.
Apply seedling fertilizer as topdressing. Although the nutrient demand at the seedling stage is relatively small, when the seedlings are thin and weak and growing poorly, applying seedling fertilizer as topdressing is very important for cultivating strong seedlings, differentiating more flower buds and branches, and for subsequent growth and development. When sesame enters the flower bud differentiation stage at the seedling stage, applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as topdressing has the highest effect; generally, 3-5 kg of urea per mu is applied, with the application rate determined by observing the seedlings, the soil, and the weather. Seedling fertilizer is generally applied as topdressing after thinning to a stand.
Apply heavy fertilizer at the flower bud stage. The flowering and capsule-setting period of sesame is the peak period of nutrient absorption in its life cycle. From the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accounts for 66.2%, 55.19%, and 58.37% respectively. Applying heavy fertilizer at the flower bud stage can promote flower bud differentiation and lay the material foundation for the large nutrient demand during the full flowering and capsule-setting stage, with significant effects on increasing yield and improving quality. Topdressing at the flowering stage is most suitable at the early flowering stage when buds appear; generally, 5-7.5 kg of urea per mu is applied, and then another supplemental application of 2-3 kg of urea is made during the flowering and capsule-setting stage, with a yield increase of 18%-25%. Note that when applying fertilizer, it should be applied before rain or after rain when the soil is moist; on sunny days, apply after the dew has dried. It should not be applied during drought, otherwise it must be combined with timely furrow irrigation for drought relief.
Carry out foliar spraying of fertilizer properly. According to experiments, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice during the flowering stage increased the 1000-grain weight by an average of 0.09 g, with a yield increase rate of 19%. The two sprayings consist of one spraying at the initial flowering stage and a second spraying 5 days later. Generally, 200-250 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu is diluted with 50-62.5 kg of water before spraying. It should be done on cloudy days or in the evening on sunny days, avoiding high temperatures and dry hot winds during spraying, reducing the evaporation of the nutrient solution and making it more conducive to nutrient absorption by the leaves.
In addition, at the initial flowering stage of sesame, spraying 1000-fold 802 solution twice in succession can prevent premature aging and improve the composition of sesame yield traits. For excessively vigorous sesame, spraying 0.01% mepiquat chloride solution once at the initial flowering stage can inhibit excessive growth, making the sesame stems short, sturdy, and thick, with a significant yield increase effect.
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