How to manage bitter melon in summer high temperatures? These methods you need to master
How to manage bitter melon in summer high temperatures? Please give an introduction to the management methods. Bitter melon roots prefer moisture and dislike waterlogging, so pay attention to digging drainage ditches normally; if heavy rain occurs, drain the field water promptly. Water use can be based on soil moisture conditions. Generally, on sunny days with strong sun and high evaporation, moisture disappears quickly, so it needs to...
How to manage bitter melon in summer high temperatures? Please give an introduction to the management methods
Bitter melon roots prefer moisture and dislike waterlogging, so pay attention to digging drainage ditches normally; if heavy rain occurs, drain the field water promptly. Water use can be based on soil moisture conditions. Generally, on sunny days with strong sun and high evaporation, moisture disappears quickly, so water promptly to ensure its physiological water needs and avoid drought wilting, which affects plant growth and development and flowering and fruiting. During the high-yield period, supplement sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers along with watering. A simple method is to broadcast various fertilizers on the surface of the bitter melon field. Fully decomposed farmyard manure can also be used. Pay attention to the principle of "small amounts, frequent applications" for fertilizer amounts. When bitter melon enters the peak growth period, fertilization should be sufficient, and in hot and dry seasons water promptly; it is best to spread wheat straw on the bed surface to retain moisture, and also pay attention to preventing waterlogging.
I. Weeding: No grass should be allowed in the open areas of the bitter melon field, on surrounding field ridges, or in ditches; glyphosate-type chemicals can be used to kill it.
Plant training: Promptly remove old, yellow and diseased leaves from the lower part of the trellis, as well as branches hanging down to the lower part that have no fruit. If possible, branches on the upper part with no fruit or female flowers should also be removed. Diseased and pest-infested parts should also be removed promptly. All removed leaves, branches and fruits should be bagged and destroyed far away.
II. Promoting flowering
Regularly spray small amounts of agents such as "Kaihuajing", "Cuguoling", "Penshibao", "amino acids", brassinolide, borax, phosphorus dimethyl, calcium nitrate, etc.
III. Harvesting
Bitter melon should be harvested promptly, when the young melon has fully grown, the wart-like protrusions on the peel have enlarged, and the top of the fruit begins to become glossy.
IV. Pest and disease prevention
Bitter melon commonly suffers from nematode disease, fusarium wilt (grafted seedlings generally do not develop it), powdery mildew, phytophthora blight, etc. The main insect pests are melon fruit fly and aphids.
Powdery mildew: It occurs during the flowering and fruiting period, covering the leaves with white powdery material, causing the leaves to lose greenness and turn yellow, resulting in premature plant decline. Control method: When white powdery material appears on the leaves, spray a sulfur suspension aqueous solution on the leaf surface once every 7-10 days for control, spraying continuously 2-3 times, and note that the amount of medicinal solution must be large.
Phytophthora blight: On leaves it mostly starts from the leaf tip or leaf margin; the lesions are irregular in shape with indistinct edges, initially dark green and water-soaked, later turning brown. The lesions can expand to cover the entire leaf or more than half of it; when humid, a ring of white mold grows at the boundary of the lesions. Control agents: chlorothalonil, Yike, Bordeaux mixture, vinclozolin, Anke, dimethomorph, fosetyl-aluminum, ethylicin, or Ridomil Gold sprayed on; remove diseased leaves and carry them away for destruction.
Stem borers: spray with triazophos, monosultap, bisultap, fipronil, or chlorpyrifos to kill them.
Aphids: spray with imidacloprid, acetamiprid, or abamectin to kill them.
Melon fruit fly: The larvae bore into young melons to cause damage, causing the young melons to become deformed and change color prematurely, after which they rot and deteriorate and also give off a foul odor. Control method: During the young melon stage, spray the young melons 2-3 times with fipronil aqueous solution, or Nongdile aqueous solution, or Kung Fu aqueous solution, once every 4-5 days, and promptly remove deformed fruits and burn or deep-bury them in a concentrated place outside the garden.
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