What are the precautions for fertilizing rice?
What should be noted when fertilizing rice? Please give an introduction. The principle of rice fertilization should be to use organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, potassium fertilizer mainly as tillering fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer applied evenly in multiple applications, with special attention to fertilizer for plump panicles and plump grains, so as to achieve large panicles and large grains while ensuring sufficient panicles. (1) Base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer...
What should be noted when fertilizing rice? Please give an introduction
The principle of rice fertilization should be to use organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, potassium fertilizer mainly as tillering fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer applied evenly in multiple applications, with special attention to fertilizer for plump panicles and plump grains, so as to achieve large panicles and large grains while ensuring sufficient panicles.
(1) Base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer
According to measurements, 50%-60% of the nitrogen and 70% of the phosphorus and potassium in the total nutrient uptake of rice come from the soil. Insufficient fertilization will excessively consume the potential nutrients in the soil and reduce soil fertility. Applying more organic fertilizer is an important way to maintain and improve soil fertility. Therefore, rice production should emphasize accumulating farmyard manure, developing the breeding industry to apply more barnyard manure, planting more green manure crops, and promoting harvesting with panicles stripped and straw return to the field, so that organic fertilizer accounts for 40% of the total fertilizer applied during the whole period.
(2) Apply tillering fertilizer early in appropriate amounts
Because rice generally has strong root activity and new roots emerge quickly after transplanting, generally early rice can be topdressed with urea and other fertilizers 5 days after transplanting, and late rice 3 days after transplanting, to promote tillering. Tillering fertilizer should preferably be applied in split applications. The first application is 6-7.5 kg of urea per mu; after about 7 days, according to the seedling condition, for fields with poor growth, apply a second tillering fertilizer of no more than 4 kg of urea per mu; for fields with little organic fertilizer and potassium deficiency, apply 5-7.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu.
(3) Apply panicle fertilizer according to the seedlings
Panicle fertilizer can be divided into flower-promoting fertilizer and flower-preserving fertilizer according to the application period and function. For those with appropriate early fertilization and balanced seedling growth, the focus should generally be on preserving flowers and increasing grains, applying only flower-preserving fertilizer, and the application amount should not be too much, generally about 2.5 kg of urea per mu. If early fertilization is insufficient, the number of seedlings in the population is relatively small, and individual growth is poor, then both flower-promoting fertilizer and flower-preserving fertilizer can be applied, with 5 kg of urea per mu each time. Rice has a high demand for potassium fertilizer. After draining the field and reflooding, combined with topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, apply about 2.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu, and the yield increase effect is significant.
(4) Apply grain fertilizer and foliar topdressing according to the seedlings. For seedlings whose leaf color is too pale before initial heading, broadcast 2-2.5 kg of urea per mu. For fields that turn yellow too early after full heading, apply 2.5-3 kg of urea per mu. For normally growing hybrid rice, only 500-750 kg of urea diluted in 50 kg of water should be sprayed as grain fertilizer.
Because rice absorbs relatively high amounts of phosphorus and potassium in the later stage, applying foliar fertilizer in the later stage has a good yield-increasing effect. Spraying 150-200 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted in 50 kg of water on poorly growing seedlings 4-6 days before initial heading or 2-3 days after full heading can enhance the plant's ability to resist high or low temperatures.
Click to get more rice planting techniques
Click to get more food crop planting techniques