What are the key management considerations for the late stage of rice cultivation?
What should be noted in the late stage of rice cultivation? Please provide an introduction. In the late stage of rice cultivation, attention should be paid to the following aspects: 1. Late-stage water management: Do a good job of field water management to ensure smooth heading and flowering, maintain root vitality, and effectively guarantee smooth grain filling. During the booting and heading stages, keep deep water in the field, but it is not advisable to irrigate deep water for too long at one time...
What should be noted in the late stage of rice cultivation? Please provide an introduction.
In the late stage of rice cultivation, attention should be paid to the following aspects:
1. Late-stage water management: Do a good job of field water management to ensure smooth heading and flowering, maintain root vitality, and effectively guarantee smooth grain filling. During the booting and heading stages, keep deep water in the field, but it is not advisable to irrigate deep water for too long at one time. During the grain-filling stage, under the condition of maintaining field water supply, increase opportunities for soil aeration to nourish roots and protect leaves, prolong root vitality, and prevent premature leaf senescence. The specific water management measures are: after heading is completed, allow the water layer to drain naturally, then irrigate once every 5-6 days, and then allow it to drain naturally, keeping the field alternately dry and wet, so as to maintain soil aeration and moisture, sustain the vitality of old roots, promote the emergence of one more round of new roots, maintain the vitality of functional leaves, and increase grain weight. During the maturity stage, be sure not to cut off water too early; generally, cut off water about one week before harvest.
2. Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests, and weeds: Focus on controlling brown planthopper, rice leaf roller, striped stem borer, pink stem borer, sheath blight, rice blast, rice false smut, stripe leaf blight, etc. Comprehensively adopt agricultural and ecological control techniques, trapping and killing techniques, biological control techniques, and the application of selective, highly efficient, and environmentally friendly pesticides, implement threshold-based control, and master the appropriate control timing, pesticide application rate, and application method. Each pesticide variety should be used no more than 2 times per season to avoid pests developing resistance. Promote the use of buprofezin (Applaud), etofenprox, pymetrozine and other pesticides to control brown planthopper, imidacloprid to control white-backed planthopper, profenofos, chlorantraniliprole and others to control rice leaf roller, and prochloraz, tricyclazole and other pesticides to control rice blast. Promote the application of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) preparations to control striped stem borer and rice leaf roller, spraying at the peak of egg hatching, which can effectively control pests and protect natural enemies in rice fields. In areas where rice blast and rice false smut frequently occur and in areas where susceptible varieties are planted, use Bacillus subtilis preparations and kasugamycin to prevent rice blast, Jing-La preparation to prevent rice false smut and sheath blight, and validamycin to prevent sheath blight. In areas where rice viral diseases are prevalent, use ningnanmycin in combination with insecticides to prevent and reduce the damage of viral diseases such as stripe leaf blight and black-streaked dwarf disease.
(1) Rice blast: For neck blast, preventive fungicide must be sprayed twice in advance. One application at the late booting stage when the sheath is about to split, and the other at the full heading and flowering stage, with an interval of about 10 days. Use 100 g of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder or 60-70 mL of Fuji No. 1 emulsifiable concentrate per mu, add 50-60 kg of water, and spray conventionally. Note: pesticide must be applied at the late booting stage and full heading stage; pesticide must not be applied during the flowering stage. Spraying should be done before 8 a.m. and after 4 p.m. Use long-acting pesticides at the late booting stage. After spraying once at the full heading stage, if there is excessive rain, spray again 5 days later.
(2) Sheath blight: Apply twice from the jointing stage to the full heading stage, with an interval of 7-10 days. Method: Use 25 g of 20% validamycin powder per mu, add 10-50 kg of water, and spray; the spray must reach the diseased spots on the stems.
(3) Bacterial leaf blight: In fields with continuous irrigation and areas prone to bacterial leaf blight, use 75-100 g of 20% Yekuning diluted in 50 kg of water for control. Be careful to control the disease center.
(4) Rice false smut: Use 300-350 mL of 5% validamycin per mu (also controls sheath blight), or 75 g of 40% Hekuling, or 80-100 g of 15.5% Baosuining, add water and spray for control. Apply the first treatment 5-7 days before the rice sheath-splitting stage, and apply once more at the full heading stage.
(5) Stem borers: At the rice heading stage, apply pesticide from the peak of egg hatching to the early larval stage. Use 60 L of 5% fipronil per mu, mix with 60 kg of water, and spray evenly. Maintaining a shallow water layer for 3-5 days during application gives better results. Generally, application should be carried out about 1 week after the peak of egg hatching.
(6) Rice leaf roller: Control from the peak of egg hatching to the early larval stage. Use 80 mL of 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate or 60 mL of 5% fipronil per mu, mix with 60 kg of water, and spray evenly.
(7) Brown planthopper: Use 60 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 40 g of Daoshijing (25% buprofezin wettable powder) per mu, mix with 60 kg of water, and spray evenly. The key period for control is the occurrence period of low-instar nymphs of the main damaging generation. When spraying, start from the field edges and then move to the middle.
3. Apply appropriate supplemental foliar fertilizer to increase thousand-grain weight: After heading of hybrid rice, root vitality declines, functional leaves gradually turn yellow, and fertilizer deficiency is likely to occur, causing leaves to yellow and die prematurely, and weakening the photosynthetic capacity of the rice plant. Supplemental grain fertilizer can prevent premature senescence of functional leaves, increase the seed-setting rate, and increase thousand-grain weight. The application method is mainly foliar spraying. Use 0.5 kg of urea per mu mixed with 50-100 kg of water, with a spraying concentration of 1%. Use 150 g of monopotassium phosphate per mu mixed evenly with 75 kg of water before spraying. The concentration for spraying trace elements is generally 0.01-0.1%. Note that when spraying, read the instructions carefully, do not overdose, and use sufficient water for dilution to avoid burning seedlings due to excessively high solution concentration.
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