How to cultivate reishi mushroom for high yield? Key techniques explained
How can reishi mushroom be cultivated for high yield? Please explain in detail. Reishi mushroom is also known as reishi herb and immortal herb. It is a precious large medicinal fungus, with its fruiting bodies and spores used for medicinal purposes. It has the effects of nourishing and strengthening the body and prolonging life. Clinically, it can treat neurasthenia, chronic bronchitis, stomach disease, liver disease, high...
How can reishi mushroom be cultivated for high yield? Please explain in detail
Reishi mushroom is also known as reishi herb and immortal herb. It is a precious large medicinal fungus, with its fruiting bodies and spores used for medicinal purposes. It has the effects of nourishing and strengthening the body and prolonging life. Clinically, it can treat neurasthenia, chronic bronchitis, stomach disease, liver disease, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and many other diseases. In combination with tumor treatment, it can reduce the side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Regular consumption of reishi spore powder can significantly improve the human body's disease resistance, enhance immunity, and reduce the probability of illness. Therefore, planting, researching and developing reishi products is very meaningful work that benefits society and improves and enhances people's health. The artificial high-yield cultivation techniques for reishi are introduced below, with the hope of achieving common prosperity.
One, Building a reishi shed: The planting modes adopt three methods: indoor layered shelf structure, converting a shiitake shed into a reishi shed, and building a reishi shed. Building a reasonable reishi shed is an important factor in achieving high yield of reishi. According to the biological characteristics of reishi, choose a reishi greenhouse with good heat preservation, moisture retention, good ventilation, appropriate light, smooth drainage, and convenient management and operation. The ground of the reishi shed is required to be clean, and the walls smooth and moisture-resistant. The size of the reishi shed should be determined by the amount of culture material. It is most suitable to build the reishi shed in front of the village or behind houses where there is tree shade and close to a water source. Before the culture material enters the shed, it must be strictly disinfected. For every cubic meter of space, use 5 milliliters of formaldehyde and 10 grams of potassium permanganate for sealed fumigation for 24 hours before use. Sheds can be built for cultivation all over the country, in both cities and rural areas. In North China and the Huang-Huai region, natural temperature cultivation is used. Spring planting is best from April to May, and summer planting is best from September to October.
Two, Selection of cultivation material formulas: Reishi needs various nutrients during its growth and development, and byproduct scraps of agricultural products are abundant in various regions. Local materials can be used according to local conditions, and formulas suitable for the local area can be selected. 1. Cottonseed hulls 77%, bran 10%, corn flour 10%, sugar, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum 1% each. 2. Cottonseed hulls 89%, bran 10%, gypsum 1%. 3. Sawdust 70%, bran 25%, soybean flour 2%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1.5% and sugar 0.5%. 4. Cottonseed hulls 79%, corn flour 20%, gypsum powder 1%. 5. Corn cobs 50%, miscellaneous sawdust 35%, bran 15%.
Three, Making the cultivation material: When preparing the cultivation material, first mix the cottonseed hulls, sawdust, bran, gypsum powder and other materials evenly. The water content should be 60%-65%. When squeezed tightly by hand, it is best if the finger gaps are just about to drip but do not drip, and the material forms a ball. After the material is mixed, it can be bagged with a bagging machine. For the plastic bags, polypropylene or polyethylene tube bags of 15 cm x 35 cm or 17 cm x 33 cm can be selected, with 400 grams to 450 grams of dry material per bag. Polyethylene material bags are sterilized under normal pressure for 10 hours to 12 hours. Polypropylene plastic bags are sterilized under high pressure and kept for 2 hours. After the material cools to below 30°C, it is inoculated in a sterile room. Generally, one bottle of wheat grain mother culture can inoculate 40 to 45 material bags, and one bottle of cottonseed hull cultivation spawn can inoculate 25 to 35 material bags. Move the inoculated fungus bags into a disinfected cultivation room and arrange them in layers. Generally, each row is 6 to 8 layers high, with walking aisles left between the racks. Turn them upside down once a week to balance the temperature, to increase oxygen inside the bags through turning so that mycelium grows faster, and to check for green mold or miscellaneous fungal infection, which should be removed if present.
Four, Management techniques: Reishi is a thermophilic fungus and requires a relatively high temperature during its growth and development. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth is 26°C-28°C. The fruiting body grows best between 24°C-28°C. Below 18°C, the fruiting body cannot develop normally.
1. Mycelial growth stage: During the mycelial growth period, keep the cultivation room at 22°C-30°C, with air relative humidity of 50%-60%. Ventilate for half an hour every day. Turn the fungus bags upside down once every 5 to 7 days. When the mycelium has grown over 2/3, move them into the cultivation shed, loosen the bag openings, and gently lift them by hand, leaving a small gap. Diffused light in the shed is suitable, and direct strong light should be avoided. Generally after about 25 to 32 days, the mycelium can fill the material bags. If individual bags have uneven mycelial development, they can be selected and placed separately.
2. Fruiting management: After the mycelium is fully grown, use a blade to cut round openings the size of a 5-fen coin at both ends to facilitate fruiting. During fruiting, keep the shed temperature at 26°C-30°C, raise the air relative humidity to 90-95%, and provide diffused light and sufficient oxygen. Keep a shallow water layer on the ground, and spray water on the surrounding walls and space 3 to 4 times a day. Open the door and ventilation openings for air exchange before 8 a.m. and after 4 p.m. every day. When the temperature is low, ventilate between 12:00 and 14:00. The primordium expands for 3 to 5 days and gradually forms the cap. Increase water spraying to retain moisture. If the temperature is too high, spray water to control the temperature. Poor ventilation easily produces deformed reishi, and deformed buds should be cut off in time. When the cap changes from white to light yellow to yellow to reddish brown, the white edge of the cap basically disappears, the edge turns red, the cap begins to become leathery, and reddish-brown mist-like spores are ejected from the underside, it indicates that the reishi fruiting body is mature and can be harvested in time (generally 40 to 45 days from cutting the opening to harvest).
3. Harvesting and post-harvest management: Stop watering one week before harvesting reishi, close the ventilation door openings, and lay plastic film on the aisle ground so as to collect the released spore powder. When harvesting reishi, cut it off from the base of the stalk with scissors or gently pick it by hand. If conditions permit, dry it by baking or sun-drying to a water content of 12%, then bag it and store or sell it in a dry room. After harvesting reishi, remove the old fungal skin at the opening of the material bag, rearrange the cultivation bags in the shed, raise the humidity to 90-95%, and keep the temperature still above 28°C. After one week, fruiting bodies can continue to grow from the original stalk. Cultivate and manage according to the previous stage's methods, and about 25 to 30 days later the second crop of reishi can be harvested. Generally, 3 to 4 crops can be harvested. Each kilogram of dry material can produce 130 grams to 150 grams of dried reishi finished product. Generally, building a 25 sq m reishi shed can harvest 1000 kg of dried reishi finished product, with sales revenue of 20,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan. After harvesting, remove the plastic bags from the cultivation material, crush it, and apply it as soil fertilizer.
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