What are the field management methods for summer corn planting?
How should summer-planted corn be managed? Please give guidance. For summer-planted corn, the following methods can be used for management: 1. Reasonably determine planting density. Planting density is the key to achieving a bumper corn harvest. The suitable density should be determined according to factors such as variety characteristics and soil fertility level. Thin and final thinning should be done in a timely manner to ensure planting density...
How should summer-planted corn be managed? Please give guidance.
For summer-planted corn, the following methods can be used for management:
I. Reasonably determine planting density
Planting density is the key to achieving a bumper corn harvest. The suitable density should be determined according to factors such as variety characteristics and soil fertility level. Thin and final thinning should be done in a timely manner to ensure planting density. Generally, after emergence, check the seedlings and keep two plants nearby in the same row or adjacent rows to prepare for early replanting. Thin at the 3-leaf stage, and finalize at the 5-6 visible leaf stage. Remove weak, diseased, and insect-damaged seedlings, and keep strong, uniform, and even seedlings to improve population uniformity. For density-tolerant varieties and high-yield fields, the suitable seedling retention density is about 4500 plants per mu. For sparse-planting varieties and plots with poor soil fertility, the suitable seedling retention density is about 3500 plants per mu.
II. Scientifically manage fertilizer and water
According to the water requirement pattern of corn and soil moisture conditions, grasp the optimal irrigation period and supply water in a timely manner. After jointing, the roots, stems, and leaves of corn grow rapidly and enter the stage of tassel and ear differentiation, so field soil water-holding capacity should be maintained at 65-75%. The flowering stage is the peak water-demand period in the entire life of corn, requiring the water content within the 1 m soil layer to be no less than 70% of field capacity. The grain-filling stage is the key period for yield formation. It is necessary to ensure corn's water demand, effectively increase the number of grains per ear, prevent barren stalks and bald tips, and increase corn thousand-grain weight. Except for the seedling stage, when field capacity at each growth stage is below 60%, irrigation should be carried out in a timely manner.
Carry out balanced fertilization based on local corn yield targets and soil fertility levels. On the basis of sufficient basal fertilizer applied to the previous winter wheat crop, mainly use chemical fertilizers, pay attention to increasing the application of phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrient fertilizers, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should preferably be applied once as basal fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer management should adhere to the principle of light application of seedling fertilizer, heavy application of fertilizer at the large trumpet stage, and supplemental topdressing of flower and grain fertilizer. At the jointing stage, apply nitrogen fertilizer deeply in a furrow along one side of the seedlings, accounting for about 30% of the total nitrogen fertilizer, to promote root development and strong seedlings. At the large trumpet stage, topdress about 50% of the total nitrogen amount to promote large ears and more grains, taking care to apply deeply and combine topdressing with intertillage and weeding. At the grain-filling stage, topdress 20% of the total nitrogen amount to improve leaf photosynthetic capacity and increase grain weight.
III. Control of diseases, insect pests, and weeds
On the basis of selecting disease-resistant varieties and carrying out seed coating, pay attention to disease and insect pest forecasting and control in the middle and late stages. Focus on the control of major diseases and insect pests such as corn borer, aphids, and maize rough dwarf disease, to minimize corn yield losses.
For weed control, in plots with good soil moisture, directly spray 200-250 mL of 40% acetochlor-atrazine mixture per mu, or use 100 mL of 33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate plus 75 mL of 72% Dual emulsifiable concentrate per mu, diluted in 50 L of water, for closed spraying. In plots with poor soil moisture, at the 3-5 leaf stage of corn seedlings and the 2-5 leaf stage of weeds, spray 100 mL of 4% nicosulfuron suspension concentrate per mu diluted in 50 L of water, or at the 7-8 leaf stage of corn use the non-selective herbicide 20% paraquat aqueous solution diluted in 50 L of water for directed spraying, and weed control can also be combined with intertillage.
IV. Chemical control to prevent lodging
Lodging, especially mid-to-late stage lodging, is an important factor affecting corn yield. On the basis of selecting density-tolerant and lodging-resistant varieties, timely intertillage and hilling should be carried out, and chemical control should be applied at the appropriate time to prevent lodging. For plots with excessive density and serious lodging risk, spray 50% chlormequat aqueous solution at 200 times dilution before booting to enhance plant lodging resistance and improve population ventilation and light transmission conditions.
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