What should be noted when sowing soybeans in summer?
What should be noted when sowing soybeans in summer? Please give an introduction. When sowing soybeans in summer, the following points should be noted: First, strictly control the seed. First, the growth period should be suitable. If the maturity period is too early, the yield will decrease; if the maturity period is too late, it will affect the planting of the next crop; second, the quality should be excellent. Generally, the oil content of oil-type soybeans is required to reach more than 21%...
What should be noted when sowing soybeans in summer? Please give an introduction.
When sowing soybeans in summer, the following points should be noted:
First, strictly control the seed. First, the growth period should be suitable. If the maturity period is too early, the yield will decrease; if the maturity period is too late, it will affect the planting of the next crop; second, the quality should be excellent. Generally, the oil content of oil-type soybeans is required to reach more than 21%, and the protein content of high-protein soybeans is required to reach more than 45%. Third, the yield should be high. Fourth, resistance to pests and diseases should be strong. Planting pest- and disease-resistant varieties can ensure soybean quality, reduce production costs, and reduce pesticide residues. At present, the soybean varieties suitable for our county are Yudou 22, Yudou 25, and Yudou 29.
Second, strictly control seed drying. Before sowing, choose a sunny day to dry the seeds for 1-2 days, which can increase the germination rate and germination vigor of the seeds. Note that they should be dried in a cool place, not exposed to strong sunlight or on cement ground, so as to avoid cracking of the seed coat and affecting seed germination.
Third, strictly control the time. As the farming proverb says: "Summer beans have no early limit; the earlier, the better." Summer-sown soybeans have a limited growth period. The earlier the sowing date, the longer the growth period and the higher the yield. Therefore, strive to complete sowing before June 15. Within this range, for each day of delayed sowing, the yield can decrease by 2.5-4 kg per mu.
Fourth, strictly control land preparation. Before sowing, prepare the land first. In combination with land preparation, apply 2-3 cubic meters of farmyard manure and 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu, or 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer or 25 kg of soybean-specific fertilizer as base fertilizer. Land preparation can loosen the plow layer, turn under stubble, weeds, and farmyard manure, promote soil microbial activity and the decomposition of organic matter, reduce pest and disease damage, and promote plant growth. If the sowing time is tight, a "stubble-clearing" seeder can be used for sowing; direct sowing on "iron stubble" is not advocated. Land preparation before sowing can increase yield by about 12% compared with direct sowing on "iron stubble."
Fifth, strictly control density. Determine the specific density according to the principle of "sparse for fertile land, dense for poor land; sparse for early sowing, dense for late sowing." Generally, 40 cm equal-row spacing is used for planting. For high-yield trial fields, a wide-narrow row pattern with 60 cm wide rows and 40 cm narrow rows can be used. The plant spacing is 13 cm. Sixth, strictly control adequate soil moisture at sowing. Soybeans are dicotyledonous plants and have poor ability to push through the soil. They consume a lot of water when emerging. Therefore, sufficient soil moisture is required at sowing. If the soil moisture is poor, irrigate first and then sow; do not sow first and then irrigate. Strive to sow with adequate soil moisture to ensure full emergence after one sowing.
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