Detailed Explanation of the Key Cultivation Techniques for the Chinese Medicinal Herb Angelica Dahurica
Introduction to the cultivation techniques for the Chinese medicinal herb Angelica dahurica: (1) Site selection and land preparation. Angelica dahurica is best cultivated on flat land. A deep, loose and fertile sandy loam is preferable. The previous crop is generally rice, corn, sorghum, cotton, etc. After the previous crop is harvested, apply decomposed compost, or barnyard manure 3000-5000 kg, and phosphate fertilizer 5...
Introduction to the cultivation techniques for the Chinese medicinal herb Angelica dahurica:
(1) Site selection and land preparation
Angelica dahurica is best cultivated on flat land. A deep, loose and fertile sandy loam is preferable. The previous crop is generally rice, corn, sorghum, cotton, etc.
After the previous crop is harvested, apply decomposed compost, or barnyard manure 3000-5000 kg, and phosphate fertilizer 50 kg per mu as a base fertilizer. Then plow again to a depth of about 25-30 cm, level and harrow finely, and make high beds.
(2) Planting method
1. Sowing. The sowing period is divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing, with autumn sowing being preferable. The period from the Autumn Equinox to Cold Dew is suitable. If sown too early, the Angelica dahurica plants grow too vigorously in the same year, and some plants in the 2nd year bolt and flower early, and the roots become lignified and unusable for medicine. If sown too late, there is little precipitation in winter and the temperature is relatively low, so it is not easy to germinate after sowing, affecting growth. Sowing method: both drilling and hole sowing are acceptable; after sowing, do not cover with soil, then immediately apply dilute human and livestock manure water, about 1000 kg per mu, then cover with plant ash mixed with human and livestock manure water, without exposing the seeds. Then press with a wooden board or tread lightly, so that the seeds and soil are in close contact to facilitate germination. Seedlings emerge in 15-20 days.
(3) Field management
1. Thinning. When the plants are 4-7 cm tall after emergence, thin the seedlings, which can be done 1-2 times. For hole sowing, retain 5-8 plants; for drilling, retain 1 plant every about 7-10 cm. Final thinning is done at a plant spacing of 10-12 cm. When thinning, retain the strong seedlings with purple-green leaf stalks or a flattened base of the plant, and keep them in a triangular or plum-blossom arrangement to facilitate ventilation and light penetration.
2. Loosening the soil and weeding. Weeding is carried out together with thinning. During the seedling stage, weeding should be done by shallow hoeing; later, intertillage and weeding can be carried out, so that the field soil is loose and free of weeds, facilitating growth.
3. Fertilization. Generally, topdressing is done 3-4 times. The 1st and 2nd times are both after thinning and intertillage. Each time, apply dilute human and livestock manure water 1500-2000 kg per mu. The 3rd time is after final thinning, applying human and livestock manure water 2000-3000 kg per mu, with 3 kg of urea added. Around Qingming Festival, carry out the 4th topdressing, applying human and livestock manure water 2000-3000 kg per mu, broadcast plant ash 150 kg, and earth up after application.
4. Drainage and irrigation. If the soil is dry after sowing Angelica dahurica, irrigate promptly to keep the soil moist, facilitating emergence. During the growth period, if the weather is dry, water promptly to ensure the needs of plant growth; when there is excessive rain or water accumulates in the field, drain promptly to prevent disease or root rot.
(4) Pest and disease control:
1. Diseases. Leaf spot disease: also known as white spot disease and leaf spot disease, it is a fungus belonging to the Deuteromycetes. It harms the leaves. The lesions are initially relatively small, first dark green, and after expansion grayish white; in severe cases, the lesions merge into large angular spots. Later, dense small black dots (i.e., the pathogen's pycnidia) form on the lesions of diseased leaves, and the leaves partially or entirely die. It generally occurs in May and continues until harvest. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer and overly dense plants also make it more prone to occur. Control methods: select healthy, disease-free plants for seed production; after harvesting Angelica dahurica, remove diseased residual plants and diseased roots remaining in the soil, and burn them in a centralized manner. At the early stage of the disease, remove diseased leaves and spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture 1-2 times.
Purple root rot: it is a fungal pathogen. On the main root, purple-red mycelial strands are commonly seen entwined, causing the root epidermis to rot. In poorly drained or damp low-lying land, the disease is severe. Control methods: make high beds to facilitate drainage; use 70% quintozene powder, 2 kg per mu, mix evenly with 20 kg of plant ash and broadcast it into the soil, and carry out land preparation multiple times; alternatively, use 70% dexon wettable powder 2 kg per mu, dilute with 2000 kg of water and splash it on the bed surface, and after the soil dries, prepare the land and sow.
Damping-off: it is a fungus belonging to the Deuteromycetes. It mostly occurs in early spring under cloudy and rainy conditions, with heavy clay soil and poor air permeability. At the early stage of the disease, yellow-brown lesions appear at the base of the seedlings, after which the base becomes brown, ring-shaped, dry-shrunken and sunken, until the plant dies. Control methods: choose sandy loam for planting and drain accumulated water promptly; at the early stage of the disease, irrigate with 5% lime water once every 7 days for 3-4 consecutive times, or use 1:25 quintozene fine soil and scatter it around the diseased plants.
Black spot disease: black lesions appear on the leaves in autumn. Control methods: remove diseased leaves or spray 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture 1-2 times.
2. Insect pests. Yellow-winged fennel borer, yellow swallowtail butterfly, aphids, and red spiders harm the leaves. Control methods: spray with 90% crystalline trichlorfon 1000-fold solution or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 2000-fold solution to kill them.
Black snout: harms the roots. Control methods: use 25% amidithion emulsifiable concentrate 1000-fold solution to pour on the soil around the plant roots.
Fruit borer: bites and eats the seeds, often causing a complete loss of the seed harvest. Control methods: spray with 90% crystalline trichlorfon 1000-fold solution to kill them.
Cutworm: harms the young stems of plants. Control methods: use manual capture or poisoned bait trapping.
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