How is Pinellia ternata (dry-farmed Pinellia) cultivated artificially? A full analysis of the key cultivation techniques
How is Pinellia ternata cultivated artificially? Please give guidance. Pinellia ternata, also known as three-leaf Pinellia, Sanbutiao and Mayuguo, is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, and it grows wild in both northern and southern China. In recent years, because people have reclaimed and used barren hillsides and heavily used herbicides in farmland, its ecological environment has been damaged, resources have decreased year by year, and prices...
How is Pinellia ternata cultivated artificially? Please give guidance
Pinellia ternata, also known as three-leaf Pinellia, Sanbutiao and Mayuguo, is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, and it grows wild in both northern and southern China. In recent years, because people have reclaimed and used barren hillsides and heavily used herbicides in farmland, its ecological environment has been damaged, resources have decreased year by year, and prices have kept rising. According to surveys, dry Pinellia ternata goods are scarce on the 17 specialized medicinal herb markets nationwide, supply has fallen short of demand, and the market price has held firm at 36-42 yuan/kg. Therefore, the market prospects for artificially cultivating Pinellia ternata are very broad. In recent years, after introduction and cultivation trials, the relevant scientific and technical personnel at the GAP cultivation base of our Chinese medicinal herb association have succeeded in converting wild Pinellia ternata to domestic cultivation, with a yield of 160 kg per mu (dry product); after deducting costs, the profit is more than 3,500 yuan per mu, achieving good economic benefits. The key points of its introduction and cultivation techniques are introduced below:
1. Selection of the planting site. Pinellia ternata prefers a mild and humid climate, is cold-tolerant and shade-tolerant but not drought-tolerant, and is suitable for cultivation on hillsides and flat land. It can be intercropped with fruit trees, and can also be intercropped with tall-stemmed plants such as corn, rapeseed and wheat. Sandy soil is best for planting; heavy clay and low-lying waterlogged plots are not suitable for planting.
2. Planting. The suitable sowing period for Pinellia ternata is from November in winter to April of the following spring. Before sowing, in combination with land preparation, apply 2,000 kg of barnyard manure or compost and 25 kg of superphosphate per mu, plow them into the soil as base fertilizer, plow and turn once more at sowing time, then break up the soil finely and rake it level to make beds. Pinellia ternata is mainly propagated by tubers and bulbils. Tuber propagation is best; dig and plant immediately, dig holes at a row spacing of 17-20 cm and a plant spacing of 7-10 cm, plant two to three tubers per hole, use 40-50 kg of tubers per mu, and do not cover with too much soil; 1-2 cm is appropriate. After covering with soil, water promptly if the soil is dry. For propagation by bulbils, in summer and autumn, when the old leaves are about to wither and the bulbils under the petioles have matured, take mature bulbils and plant them in rows; the row and plant spacing are the same as for tuber propagation.
3. Field management
(1) Weeding: Before the seedlings close the rows, weed promptly. The depth of intertillage should not exceed 5 cm, so as not to damage the roots. Because the roots of Pinellia ternata grow around the tubers and the root system is concentrated in the 12-15 cm surface soil layer, intertillage should be shallow rather than deep.
(2) Fertilization: After the seedlings emerge completely, apply 1,000 kg of human and livestock manure water at 1:3 per mu. During the bulbil formation stage, apply 2,000 kg of human and livestock manure per mu. When the daughter Pinellia sprouts new buds and the mother Pinellia sheds its shell and grows new roots again, splash on manure water at 1:10. Afterward, according to the growth situation, apply 25 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 20 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of urea per mu.
(3) Pest and disease control: The diseases that Pinellia ternata is relatively prone to are leaf spot and viral disease. For leaf spot, spray Bordeaux mixture at 1:1:120 or 65% zineb at 500 times dilution, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive times; for viral disease, irrigate with 5% lime milk, and promptly pull out diseased plants and burn them in a centralized manner. The main insect pest is the red hawk moth; the control method is to spray 90% trichlorfon crystal at 800-1,000 times dilution, once every 5-7 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.
4. Harvesting and processing. The growth period of Pinellia ternata is 180-210 days. For tuber propagation, depending on the sowing season, it can be harvested in the same year or the following year. Generally, dig after the stems and leaves wither and the plants fall over in summer and autumn. Choose a sunny day and carefully dig out the tubers, avoiding damage, shake off the mud and sand, and put them into baskets and cover them well. Do not expose them to strong sunlight, otherwise the skin will be difficult to remove. During processing, first grade fresh Pinellia into large, medium and small, then put them separately into hemp bags, lightly throw them on the ground a few times, then pour them into a vat of clean water and rub repeatedly until the outer skin is completely removed, then take them out and dry them in the sun until fully dry.
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