Open-field and greenhouse cultivation methods and techniques for Pinellia ternata (dry Pinellia)
How to grow dry Pinellia in a greenhouse? Please give an introduction. Dry Pinellia, also known as three-leaf Pinellia, Sanbujiao, and Mayuguo, is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, found growing wild in both northern and southern China. In recent years, due to the reclamation and use of barren hillsides and the heavy use of herbicides in farmland, its ecological environment has been damaged, resources have decreased year by year, and prices...
How to grow dry Pinellia in a greenhouse? Please give an introduction
Dry Pinellia, also known as three-leaf Pinellia, Sanbujiao, and Mayuguo, is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, found growing wild in both northern and southern China. In recent years, due to the reclamation and use of barren hillsides and the heavy use of herbicides in farmland, its ecological environment has been damaged, resources have decreased year by year, and prices have continued to rise. According to surveys, dry Pinellia goods are currently scarce in the seventeen specialized medicinal herb markets nationwide, and demand already exceeds supply, with the market price holding firm at 36-42 yuan/kg. Therefore, the market prospects for artificially cultivating dry Pinellia are very broad. In recent years, relevant scientific and technical personnel at the GAP cultivation base of our Chinese medicinal herb association, through introduction and cultivation trials, have successfully domesticated wild dry Pinellia, achieving a yield of 160 kg per mu (dry product). After deducting costs, the profit per mu is more than 3500 yuan, achieving good economic benefits. The key points of its introduction and cultivation techniques are now introduced as follows:
I. Selection of the planting site.
Dry Pinellia prefers a mild and humid climate, is cold-tolerant and shade-tolerant but not drought-tolerant, and is suitable for cultivation on hillsides and flat land. It can be intercropped with fruit trees, and can also be intercropped with tall-stemmed plants such as corn, rapeseed, and wheat. Sandy soil is best for planting; heavy clay and low-lying waterlogged plots are not suitable for cultivation.
II. Planting.
The suitable sowing period for dry Pinellia is from November in winter to April of the following spring. Before sowing, in combination with land preparation, apply 2000 kg of barnyard manure or compost and 25 kg of superphosphate per mu, plowing them into the soil as base fertilizer. At sowing time, plow and turn once more, then break up the soil finely and rake it level to make beds. Dry Pinellia is mainly propagated by tubers and bulbils. Tuber propagation is best; plant immediately after digging, digging holes at a row spacing of 17-20 cm and a plant spacing of 7-10 cm, planting two to three tubers per hole, using 40-50 kg of tubers per mu. Do not cover with too much soil; 1-2 cm is appropriate. After covering with soil, water promptly if the soil is dry. For propagation by bulbils, in summer and autumn when the old leaves are about to wither and the bulbils under the leaf stalks have matured, take the mature bulbils and plant them in rows, with the same row and plant spacing as for tuber propagation.
III. Field management
(1) Weeding:
Before the seedlings close the rows, weed promptly. The depth of hoeing should not exceed 5 cm to avoid damaging the roots. Because the roots of dry Pinellia grow around the tubers, and the root system is concentrated in the 12-15 cm surface soil layer, hoeing should be shallow rather than deep.
(2) Fertilization:
After the seedlings emerge completely, apply 1000 kg per mu of human and livestock manure water at 1:3. During the bulbil formation stage, apply 2000 kg of human and livestock manure per mu. When the daughter Pinellia exposes new buds and the mother Pinellia sheds its shell and grows new roots again, splash-irrigate with manure water at 1:10. Afterward, according to growth conditions, apply 25 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of urea per mu.
(3) Pest and disease control:
The diseases that dry Pinellia is relatively prone to are leaf spot disease and viral disease. For leaf spot disease, spray with 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture or 65% zineb 500-fold solution, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive times. For viral disease, irrigate with 5% lime milk, and promptly pull out diseased plants and burn them in a centralized manner. The main pest is the red hawk moth. The control method is spraying with 90% crystalline trichlorfon 800-1000-fold solution, once every 5-7 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.
IV. Harvesting and processing.
The growth period of dry Pinellia is 180-210 days. For tuber propagation, depending on the sowing season, it can be harvested in the same year or the following year. Generally, digging is done in summer and autumn after the stems and leaves wither and the plants fall over. Choose a sunny day and carefully dig out the tubers, avoiding damage. Shake off the mud and sand, put them in baskets, and cover well. Do not expose them to strong sun, otherwise the skin will be difficult to remove. During processing, first grade the fresh Pinellia into large, medium, and small sizes, then put them separately into gunny sacks, lightly throw them on the ground a few times, then pour them into a vat of clean water and rub them repeatedly until the outer skin is completely removed, then take them out and sun-dry until completely dry.
Dry Pinellia is generally sown in spring from February to April. Because the temperature is relatively low at this time, the seed tubers sprout slowly. Therefore, before sowing, the seed tubers can be pre-sprouted indoors in a hotbed, maintaining the pre-sprouting temperature at around 20°C, and buds will emerge in 15 days. Alternatively, the seed tubers can be placed outdoors in a plastic greenhouse at 20-25°C and treated continuously for 15 days. When the bud sheaths are found to turn white, sow the seed tubers with buds into the previously prepared field, cover with plastic film; the film only needs to cover the rows where the seed tubers are planted, and it can be removed after the seedlings emerge completely.
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