How to grow yams for high yield? A detailed explanation of key cultivation techniques
How can yams be grown for high yield? Are there any good methods? Experienced netizens, please help explain. Yam is also known as Chinese yam, yam bean, mountain potato, etc. Yam has high nutritional value, with functions such as strengthening the spleen, tonifying the lungs, consolidating the kidneys, and boosting essence, and it has therapeutic effects on some diseases of the elderly. Market demand is increasing year by year....
How can yams be grown for high yield? Are there any good methods? Experienced netizens, please help explainYam is also known as Chinese yam, yam bean, mountain potato, etc. Yam has high nutritional value, with functions such as strengthening the spleen, tonifying the lungs, consolidating the kidneys, and boosting essence, and it has therapeutic effects on some diseases of the elderly. Market demand is increasing year by year. Therefore, Zhongdi Network has compiled ten methods for growing yams to obtain high yield, listed in detail below for netizens' reference.
Method one, select excellent varieties of yam seed:
To produce high-quality yams, it is advisable to choose new varieties such as Zhenping yam, thick ox-leg yam, Nongda Long Yam No. 1, Nongda Flat Yam No. 1, Nongda Trellis-free Yam, Japanese White Yam, Tianyuanjia Yam, flower-seed yam, and Japanese Yamatoimo, which are disease-resistant, highly stress-resistant, tolerant of fertilizer and water, high-yielding, good in quality, and suitable for storage.
Method two, choose high-quality plots for planting:
Choose plots with high terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, and shelter from wind and facing the sun; the groundwater level is required to be below 4 m, the plow layer more than 20 cm thick, and sandy loam soil containing 2% organic matter and 0.15% total nitrogen is considered high-yield field. Yam is extremely unsuitable for continuous cropping, especially repeated trench planting, which easily causes serious diseases and reduces yield due to soil nutrient imbalance. According to surveys, continuous cropping for two years reduces yield by more than 30%, and continuous cropping for 3 years reduces yield by 40%-50%.
Method three, adopt the trench-digging and fertilizing method:
Deeply plow 30 cm before winter to promote soil maturation. In mid-February of the following year, dig trenches at a row spacing of 0.9-1 m, with a trench depth of 1.4 m and a width of 0.25 m. After digging, immediately backfill soil into the trench, and when backfilling, be careful to remove the sticky clay from the trench. Backfill every 30 cm of soil and press it down once to prevent the bed surface from collapsing during the rainy season, and also to avoid branching and deformation of the tubers after yam planting.
After the trench is filled level, mix the remaining soil with thoroughly decomposed high-quality barnyard manure at a soil-to-manure ratio of 2:1, and build soil ridges 0.5 m wide and 0.4 m high where the trench was dug to prevent rainwater from entering the trench and causing collapse. Generally, apply 10000 kg of decomposed high-quality barnyard manure and chicken manure, 150 kg of cake fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, and 200 kg of plant ash per 667 sq m. The fertilizing method is to evenly apply the fertilizer between the two ridges, turn it into the soil with a shovel, tread it firm with the feet and level it, then according to the terrain and landforms, establish a complete field water system to facilitate drainage and waterlogging reduction or irrigation in the dry season.
Method four, treatment of yam seed:
1. Select the upper section of tubers with bright color and a diameter of more than 3 cm reserved before winter, or the upper-end bud tip as seed tubers, with a seed tuber length of 35-40 cm. It is required to have no mold spots, no disease spots, and no rot. In terms of seed quality, yam slips are superior to finished yams, and the yield difference is relatively large.
2. In mid-March, take the upper tuber section and cut it into sections, each 15-20 cm long, then dip and coat the cut surface with quicklime powder, and sun-dry for 3-5 sunny days.
3. Place the cut yams outdoors and expose them to sunlight for 5-7 days to increase the bound water content of the seeds and promote callus formation. Fourth is "soaking": before planting, soak the seed tubers in a 300-fold dilution of 40% carbendazim suspension concentrate for 15 minutes, remove and air-dry, then plant.
Method five, carry out film-mulched planting:
Yams are suitable for planting in late March and early April. The plant spacing is 0.23-0.25 m, and the planting density per 667 sq m is 2600-2900 plants. The method of planting seed tubers is to open a furrow on the soil ridge, 10 cm deep, place the seed tubers or bud tips flat in the furrow, then cover with 5 cm of soil, tread firm and level, and cover with plastic film. According to surveys at multiple locations, film mulching can make seedlings emerge about 15 days earlier, and the seedlings emerge neatly, stems and leaves grow quickly, and the full-trellis period is advanced by 33 days.
Method six, carry out tall-trellis cultivation:
Generally, one yam seed tuber produces only 1 shoot. If there are several shoots, when the vines are 7-8 cm long, select and keep 1 robust vine and remove the rest. From April 10 to 20, when yam seedlings emerge 5-9 cm, promptly break the film to release the seedlings, and seal the film to preserve warmth, strictly preventing seedling burn and scorching. When the vines are 30 cm high, promptly set up A-shaped trellises to support the vines, with a trellis height of 1.5-1.6 m, to facilitate ventilation and light penetration.
If yam beans form, if they are not to be used, they should be removed early. Increasing trellis height can effectively increase the leaf area coefficient and yield. According to surveys from 2004 to 2007, compared with treatments with trellis heights of 0.5 m and 1 m, the leaf area coefficient of the 1.6 m trellis height treatment increased by 1.5 times and 0.7 times respectively; yam yield per 667 sq m increased by 56.4% and 24.7% respectively.
Method seven, cover grass between yam rows:
In mid-to-late June, cover the yam rows with 20 cm thick wheat straw, with a grass coverage amount of about 400 kg/667 sq m, which can effectively eliminate weeds and preserve soil moisture and prevent drought. According to surveys, covered with wheat straw there were 2 weeds per sq m, while the control had as many as 46; the water content of the 0-20 cm plow layer soil under grass cover was 18.17%, while the control was 15.41%.
Method eight, yam fertilizing and watering methods:
After yam seedlings emerge, appropriately apply seedling-promoting fertilizer according to seedling conditions. Generally, 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 15 kg of superphosphate can be applied in holes per 667 sq m. In mid-June, when entering the vine and tuber growth period, and when underground tubers begin to expand rapidly, generally 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 50 kg of plant ash should be applied per 667 sq m. In mid-August, carry out pest and disease control according to plant growth and appearance, and spray 1% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves once every 10 days for 3-4 consecutive times to prevent premature aging of the plants.
For yam watering management, attention should be paid to keeping the soil moist during the peak tuber growth period, and not irrigating unless there is drought.
Method nine, and finally carry out disease and insect control:
Before yam vines spread, spray 300-fold zineb on the stem base to prevent anthracnose. Afterward, spray once every 7-10 days, about 2-3 times. In mid-July, if there is a rainstorm or continuous cloudy rain, supplementary spraying should be carried out immediately after the weather clears.
Special attention should also be paid to the control of underground pests such as grubs, cutworms, and sawflies. For grubs, cutworms, and larvae after the third instar, use 500-fold 50% phoxim mixed with fresh paulownia leaves as toxic bait and pile it in the evening, 120 piles per 667 sq m, 50-100 g per pile.
For sawflies, integrated control should be carried out according to their living habits: 1. Finely prepare the land to eliminate overwintering pupae. 2. Improve the field microclimate to reduce the degree of damage. 3. Capture and kill larvae and eggs. 4. During the peak emergence period of adults and the peak hatching period of eggs, spray leaves with 1000-fold 90% crystalline trichlorfon plus 4 ml of 20% fenvalerate.
Method ten, harvest at the appropriate time:
Around late October, the underground stems of yam basically stop growing and the leaves wither and fall, so they should be harvested in time to avoid rot and deterioration.
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