How to cultivate Achyranthes bidentata? Detailed explanation of the key points of planting techniques
How to cultivate Achyranthes bidentata? Please give an introduction. Achyranthes bidentata is a perennial medicinal herb of the Amaranthaceae family, also known by different names depending on the place of origin: Sichuan Achyranthes (Sichuan), Huai Achyranthes (Huaiqing Prefecture, Henan), etc. The cultivation of Achyranthes bidentata can be carried out with reference to the following methods: Growing environment: 1. Requirements for environmental conditions. Achyranthes bidentata is a deep-rooted...
How to cultivate Achyranthes bidentata? Please give an introductionAchyranthes bidentata is a perennial medicinal herb of the Amaranthaceae family, also known by different names depending on the place of origin: Sichuan Achyranthes (Sichuan), Huai Achyranthes (Huaiqing Prefecture, Henan), etc. The cultivation of Achyranthes bidentata can be carried out with reference to the following methods:
Growing environment:
1. Requirements for environmental conditions. Achyranthes bidentata is a deep-rooted plant that prefers warm climatic conditions and is suitable for growing in dry, sunny, well-drained sandy loam; it requires deep soil that is loose and fertile, which is favorable for root growth; sticky, compacted soil and waterlogged saline-alkali land are not suitable for planting. It is not tolerant of severe cold; when the temperature drops to -17°C, most plants freeze and die.
2. Growth and development characteristics. Because the growth period is short, the quality is poor, the germination rate is only 10-20%, and the yield of roots produced for flowering use decreases, with quality degradation. Second-year seeds are called 'dazi', have a better germination rate and growth vigor, and 'dazi' from second-year plants is mostly used for sowing in production. Generally, Achyranthes bidentata seeds sown at 21-25°C under suitable humidity conditions will produce full seedlings in 7-10 days. During the growth period, the seedling stage and autumn favor sufficient water, while the middle period should not have excessive water. The flowering period and post-flowering period are both peak periods of root growth, so management should be strengthened to promote root growth.
Cultivation and management methods:
Land selection and preparation: Achyranthes bidentata has strong adaptability and can be planted in ordinary soil, but saline-alkali land, heavy clay land, waterlogged lowland and plots with thin soil layers must not be selected for planting. Sandy loam with deep soil, sunny and dry conditions, and loose, fertile soil is most suitable for planting (deep plowing, land preparation and bed making are all carried out according to the requirements for planting Platycodon grandiflorus). Where conditions permit, it is best to apply autumn fertilizer. After the previous crop is harvested, apply 4000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 8-10 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 50-60 kg of long-acting ammonium bicarbonate, and 5-7 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Before deep plowing, spread them evenly over the field surface, then deep plow 30-40 cm, level and harrow finely, and wait until the following spring for sowing.
Seed treatment: 7-10 days before sowing, winnow the seeds and sun-dry them for 2-3 days, then carry out a germination test; a germination rate of more than 80% is preferable. The sowing rate is only 2-2.5 kg per mu. One day before sowing, soak the seeds in 20°C warm water for 12 hours, remove and air-dry them, then mix them with fine sandy soil or plant ash at a ratio of 1:30 and sow.
Sowing at the right time: The suitable sowing period is the key to the cultivation and production of Achyranthes bidentata. If too early, the aboveground part does not grow tubers, the roots are prone to branching and lignification, and it is also prone to flowering early and consuming nutrients, affecting yield and quality. If too late, the growth period is shortened, development is poor, and yield decreases. In the Chifeng Niuyingzi area, it is suitable to sow from late May to mid-June. Some also plant it as a turned-over field crop, but it should not be later than the end of June at the latest.
Sowing methods: 1. Drilling. Row spacing 15-20 cm, furrow depth 2-3 cm, soil covering thickness about 1.5 cm, and after sowing press lightly once with the foot. At the same time, for fields without autumn fertilizer, apply 8-10 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 5-7 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, placing them in layers with the seeds; first apply fertilizer, cover with a layer of soil, and then sow. 2. Intercropping. To improve land utilization, from late May to early June, it can be planted between wheat rows and can be harvested in the same year. 3. Replanting. When medicinal fields such as Codonopsis pilosula and Platycodon grandiflorus are not fully planted, Achyranthes bidentata can be replanted to increase income in the same year.
Daily management:
1. Cultivation and loosening the soil: Generally, seedlings emerge 7-10 days after sowing. When the seedlings are 2-3 cm tall, use a hand hoe to cultivate and loosen the soil, and at the same time thin the seedlings and remove weeds.
2. Thinning and final spacing: When the seedlings are 5 cm tall, thin and set the spacing, and pull out weeds in the field.
3. Appropriate watering: Before emergence and during the seedling stage, keep the bed surface moist. If drought occurs, water promptly so as to keep the surface soil dry and loose and the lower soil moist, which is beneficial for downward root growth. After mid-August, the main root basically no longer grows downward, so irrigation should be appropriately increased to help the main root thicken and increase yield.
4. Timely topdressing: During the growth period of Achyranthes bidentata, topdress 1-2 times, mainly with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Generally, no topdressing is applied in the early stage. When the plants grow to 25 cm tall, apply 4-5 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 10 kg of urea, and 2-3 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu.
5. Topping to promote root growth: When production enters August, for fields where the plants grow too vigorously, after leaving plants 30-40 cm tall, cut off the tops with a sickle, which can reduce nutrient consumption and promote thickening of the main root.
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