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Harmful Symptoms of Trichoderma Infection in Edible Fungi and Control Methods
Harmful Symptoms of Trichoderma in Edible Fungi and Control Methods
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What are the harmful symptoms of mushroom wet bubble disease?
Long-term research has found that this pathogen infects only the fruiting bodies and not the mycelium. It takes about 11 days from the start of infection for a mushroom to show initial symptoms, and growing mycelium can accelerate the germination of Mycogone perniciosa spores. When the first flush of mushrooms is affected, the source of infection is usually the casing soil and old mushroom shelves; when later flushes are affected, it is caused by re-spread through water, tools and human operations: infection during the pinhead formation stage is shown by: before normal mushrooms appear, diseased mushrooms grow in large numbers, and diseased mushrooms generally fruit 3-4 days earlier than normal mushrooms; if infection occurs during the young pinhead growth stage, although the diseased mushrooms continue to grow, the caps develop abnormally or stop developing, the stems swell, become deformed and deteriorate, and appear twisted and misshapen. In the later stage the diseased mushrooms are hollow inside, and white cottony mycelium grows at the junction of the cap and stem and at the base of the stem, later turning dark brown and exuding brown liquid as it rots, giving off a foul odor.
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The Harm and Control Methods of Common Contaminant Fungi in Edible Mushroom Cultivation
I. Neurospora. Also known as Monilia. Its asexual stage belongs to the order Moniliales, family Sphaeriaceae; its sexual stage is an ascomycete. The species harmful to mushrooms are Neurospora crassa and Neurospora sitophila. The hyphae are white, loose, branched and septate. The conidiophores branch in a dichotomous manner. The conidia are produced in chains, spherical to oval, orange-red or pink. The perithecia are clustered or scattered, nearly spherical or oval. The asci are cylindrical, each containing 8 ascospores. Neurospora is widely distributed and can be spread through air, soil, decaying plants, grains, and so on. It occurs severely when the substrate is too wet and
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The Harm and Control Methods of Neurospora in Shiitake Mushrooms
In the early growth stage, Neurospora appears fuzzy, white or gray, and in the later growth stage it turns pink or yellow. When large numbers of conidia pile up into clumps, its appearance resembles the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus (lion's mane mushroom). Neurospora spreads and causes damage mainly through conidia, and it is the most important contaminant fungus that occurs during hot seasons. The hyphae of Neurospora are tough and vigorous, with the characteristic of rapid reproduction. Once it breaks out massively, it is catastrophic, and the consequence is that spawn, culture bags or culture blocks are discarded in batches. To control Neurospora, the first step is to avoid production during hot seasons as much as possible. During the spawn-running stage of shiitake mushrooms, the temperature
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Harm and Control of Caloglyphus shanghaiensis in Edible Fungi
Caloglyphus shanghaiensis (CaloglyphusShanghaiensis) belongs to the family Acaridae, genus Caloglyphus. Within the genus Caloglyphus, other species related to edible fungus production include Caloglyphus kunshanensis, Caloglyphus mirabilis, Caloglyphus mycophagus, Caloglyphus coprophilus, Caloglyphus hughesi, and Caloglyphus oudemansi. Among these, Caloglyphus shanghaiensis and Caloglyphus kunshanensis are the more prominent. (1) Damage characteristics: Caloglyphus shanghaiensis not only feeds on edible fungus mycelium and fruiting bodies, but also carries and spreads contaminant microorganisms, affecting mycelial growth and reducing the yield and quality of edible fungi. Caloglyphus kunshanensis (
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Harm and Control Methods of the Mold Mite in Edible Fungi
Tyrophagus putrescentiae belongs to the family Acaridae, genus Tyrophagus, and is distributed throughout the country. (1) Harm characteristics This mite is one of the most important pest mites of edible fungi. It frequently occurs in mushroom spawn bottles, mushroom beds, and shiitake mushroom blocks, and also damages straw mushrooms and oyster mushrooms. It also commonly occurs in large numbers in edible fungus cultivation materials such as rice straw, cottonseed hulls, and barnyard manure, especially in humid environments, where it reproduces quickly and occurs in large numbers. After the edible fungus mycelium is fed upon, it breaks apart and gradually tends toward aging and decline.
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Do you recognize the several pests that harm mushroom sheds?
1. Mushroom flies: The larvae, also called mushroom maggots, mainly feed on the fruiting bodies, creating tunnels that affect quality, and the wounds they cause are also very easily infected by pathogens, leading to rot. Different methods should be used to control mushroom flies at different stages. If a large number of mushroom maggots appear before mushroom formation, dichlorvos can be used for fumigation at a rate of 0.90 kg/100 sq m, and at the same time spray 0.15 kg of 1% potassium chloride or sodium chloride solution on each culture block (5% salt water can be used as a substitute); if mushroom maggots cause damage after mushroom formation, low-toxicity pesticides such as rotenone extract, chlorpyrifos, and nicotine can be sprayed.
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Harm and Control Methods of Contaminant Fungi in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation
Early to mid-August is the golden period for cultivating oyster mushrooms in early autumn. Using fermented substrate to cultivate oyster mushrooms is one of the important technical measures for improving oyster mushroom yield and profitability. However, many mushroom growers fail in cultivation because of unscientific substrate preparation. The correct method for preparing oyster mushroom substrate is: 1. Use a reasonable formula. Oyster mushroom...
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What harm do slugs cause to shiitake mushrooms?
What harm do slugs do to shiitake mushrooms? Please explain: slugs hide by day and feed in groups at night, after rain and on overcast days. They reproduce once a year. Eggs are laid inside the inoculation holes of the mushroom bags, 10 to 20 per cluster. They often live in dark, damp grass, under fallen leaves or beneath soil and stones. The suitable temperature is 15 to 25°C; above 26°C...
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What harm does Aspergillus cause in shiitake mushroom cultivation?
What harm does Aspergillus cause to shiitake mushrooms? Please give an introduction. Aspergillus is widely distributed in soil, air, various grains and their by-products such as wheat bran, rice bran and other organic matter. The suitable temperature for Aspergillus growth is 20 to 35°C, the relative humidity is 65% to 85%, and the pH is neutral or slightly alkaline. Aspergillus is commonly found in shiitake mushroom spawn...
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