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Control Methods for Major Underground Pests of Potatoes
I. Major Pests 1. Mole cricket, also called lala cricket or earth dog. Both the adults (with fully developed wings) and nymphs (with incompletely developed wings) of the mole cricket cause damage to potatoes. It uses its mouthparts and large front claws (forelegs) to tear the underground stems or roots of potatoes into a tangled mass, causing the above-ground parts to wilt or die. It sometimes also bites the seed pieces, preventing the buds from growing and causing gaps in the stand. It tunnels through the soil, separating young roots from the soil and exposing them to air, causing water loss that affects seedling growth and can even kill the plants. In autumn, it bites the tubers, creating holes in them or making them
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What are the control methods for the white-backed planthopper on rice?
Scientific name Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), belonging to the order Homoptera, family Delphacidae. Distributed in the water bamboo and rice-growing areas of China. Hosts include rice, water bamboo, corn, barley, wheat, sugarcane, sorghum, barnyardgrass, bluegrass, and others. Damage characteristics are the same as those of the brown planthopper. Morphological features: macropterous male body length 3.2-3.8 mm, light yellow, with dark brown spots. Vertex projecting forward; on the outer side of the lateral carinae of the pronotum and mesonotum, behind the compound eyes, there is 1 crescent-shaped dark brown spot; the lateral area of the mesonotum is dark brown
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Scientific control methods for the first-generation Asiatic rice borer (Chilo suppressalis) in rice
According to surveys conducted across Hubei Province, the overwintering mortality rate of the Asiatic rice borer this year was higher than last year, and the post-winter population base was lower than last year but still relatively high. In addition, suitable climate conditions and the expansion of high-quality rice varieties are both favorable to the occurrence and damage of rice stem borers, and the first-generation Asiatic rice borer will show a major outbreak trend in the rice-growing areas of our province, making the control situation still severe. In response to this severe situation, all localities should strengthen leadership, raise awareness, actively organize control efforts, and quickly launch a campaign to wrest grain from the pests to ensure the safety of grain production. 1. Recognize the situation clearly and strengthen organizational leadership. Last winter, our province suffered freezing ice and
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Treatment Methods and Prevention Measures for Swine Toxoplasmosis
Swine toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This disease is most commonly seen in pigs. Humans can contract the disease through wound contact or by eating raw meat infected with this disease. Therefore, conducting pre-slaughter quarantine and post-slaughter inspection for swine toxoplasmosis at designated slaughterhouses is of vital importance for safeguarding the development of the breeding industry and human health. 1 Pre-slaughter quarantine: Pigs suffering from swine toxoplasmosis show an elevated body temperature reaching 41-42°C, reduced or complete loss of appetite, nasal discharge, coughing or difficulty breathing, anemia,
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What are the prevention and control methods for feather-pecking vice in layer roosters?
Layer roosters are generally raised for about 3 months before being sent to market, mostly kept on the floor, and feather-pecking and flesh-pecking are serious problems that often cause certain economic losses. The following methods can be used for prevention and control. 1. Beak trimming is carried out at around 9 days of age; two days before beak trimming, start adding vitamin K3, electrolytic multivitamins and antibiotics. 2. Adjust the feed formula: reduce the amount of plant-based protein feed, increase the proportion of animal-based protein feed such as fish meal and meat-and-bone meal, appropriately increase the proportion of high-fiber feed such as wheat bran, and add vitamins and mineral
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Symptoms and control methods of soybean anthracnose
Symptoms: The disease can occur from the seedling stage to the mature stage. It mainly damages stems and pods, and also damages leaves or petioles. When stems are infected, brown lesions first appear, densely covered with irregularly arranged black dots. When pods are infected, the small black dots are arranged in concentric rings, and the diseased pods cannot develop normally. When cotyledons are infected at the seedling stage, dark brown lesions appear with slightly lighter edges, and after the lesions expand, cracking or sunken areas often appear; the lesions can spread from the cotyledons to the young stems, causing death of the plant parts above the diseased area. When leaves are infected, the edges are dark brown and the interior is light brown. When petioles are infected, the lesions are brown and irregular. Control methods
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Frost damage prevention and control methods and key technical points for Schisandra chinensis
1. Disease symptoms Frost damage of varying severity occurs every year in the Schisandra chinensis production areas of Northeast China. In mild cases, the branches and shoot tips are frozen; in severe cases, the entire plant dies. Affected leaves initially show irregular small spots, which over time merge together and develop into mottled, uneven large patches; the leaves fade, and the leaf margins dry up. In the later stages of the disease, the young tender shoots suffer severe water loss and wilting, the tissues dry out and become necrotic, the leaves dry up and fall off, and the tree vigor declines. The first factor is the influence of temperature: after Schisandra chinensis buds break in spring, the nighttime temperature sometimes drops sharply, and water vapor condenses
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Identification and Control Methods of the Russian Olive Psyllid
Scientific name Trioza magnisetosa Log. Homoptera, Psyllidae. Hosts: Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), jujube. Damage characteristics: adults and nymphs pierce and suck the sap of young buds, tender twigs and leaves; infested young buds often die, infested leaves mostly curl toward the underside, and in severe cases the twigs and shoot tips die, weakening the tree's vigor, with heavy flower and fruit drop. Morphological characteristics: adult body length 2.5-3.4 mm, dark green to yellowish brown. Compound eyes large, protruding, reddish brown. Antennae filiform, 10 segments, the terminal 2 segments black
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Symptoms and Control Methods of Potato Wart Disease
[Pathogen scientific name] Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival [Host crops] Potato, tomato, black nightshade, etc. [Disease diagnosis] It mainly damages the underground parts of the plant, occurring commonly on tubers and stolons. On the eyes of infected tubers and on stolons, because the pathogen stimulates continuous cell division, tumors of varying size, irregular shape and rough, protruding surface form, resembling cauliflower. The surface of affected tubers often cracks. The wart tissue is yellow-white in the early stage, the part exposed above the soil surface turns green, and later turns dark brown. The tissue is soft, prone to rotting and produces a foul odor, with brown slimy matter. During storage, diseased tubers can still develop, even causing the whole storage cellar to rot. Diseased tubers turn black and give off a foul odor; after prolonged boiling they do not soften easily and are difficult to eat. When the aboveground parts are affected, the appearance does not differ noticeably from healthy plants, but in the later stage diseased plants are taller than healthy ones, remain green longer than healthy plants, have more branches and bear more berries. On severely diseased plants, stems, leaves and flowers can all be affected, forming wart lesions or deformities. The causal agent is the endobiotic chytrid fungus. The pathogen is endoparasitic and does not produce hyphae; the vegetative thallus is initially a naked, wall-less protoplast (amoeboid body), and later becomes a walled unicellular thallus. In the reproductive growth stage, the unicellular thallus transforms into a resting sporangium sorus. The sporangium sorus is nearly spherical and contains 4 to 9 sporangia. The sporangia are spherical, rust-brown, and on germination produce zoospores. The zoospores have a single flagellum and are spherical to pear-shaped. Some zoospores mate to form zygotes. The zygote resembles a zoospore and has two flagella; both can infect the host.
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What are the advanced methods for transplanting rice seedlings?
1. Improved intensive cultivation: transplant young seedlings at the 3-leaf to 4-leaf 1-heart stage early. Fields with good water sources should be planted early; fields with poor water sources can be planted slightly later. Both dry-raised and water-raised seedlings are suitable, but sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, the field should be deeply plowed and harrowed level, strong seedlings should be selected as much as possible, and transplanting should be done in shallow water; both the row spacing and hill spacing are 1 chi 3 cun, with three single plants per hill spaced 3 cun apart in a triangular arrangement. This transplanting method has density within sparseness and sparseness within density, minimizing competition among plants for nutrients and sunlight to the greatest extent, which benefits individual plant development and can therefore increase yield considerably. It is the most advocated
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