Introduction to the Characteristics and Care of Lavender, the National Flower of Portugal

The national flower of Portugal is lavender, an aromatic plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae) widely cultivated in southern Europe and regarded by Portugal as one of its national symbols. Lavender suits a Mediterranean climate, and Portugal falls within this type of climate zone, so it is very commonly seen in the local hills, slopes and gardens.

In form, lavender is a perennial herb or small shrub with a compact habit and mostly gray-green linear leaves. Its inflorescences are terminal, with flower colors mainly purple and blue-purple, though pink and white types also exist; when in full bloom en masse, they are like a sea of purple flowers and highly ornamental.

In terms of varieties, the lavender family has many members. Besides French lavender (Lavandula stoechas), usually regarded as the national flower of Portugal, common types also include true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia), which differ in plant height, flower spike form and intensity of fragrance; growers can choose suitable varieties according to their purpose and local climate conditions.

For care, lavender prefers a sunny, dry and cool environment, and dislikes high temperature and high humidity as well as waterlogging. It is best planted in loose, breathable, well-drained sandy soil. Daily management centers on controlling water, and watering should follow the principle of preferring dryness over moisture; proper pruning after flowering helps keep the plant full and shapely and also encourages it to bloom again the following year.

In terms of value, besides being ornamental, lavender flowers can be used to extract essential oil, which is widely used in fragrances, daily care products and other fields, and they are also often made into dried flowers and sachets. It is closely tied to Portugal's history and culture and often appears in the local scenery and folk customs, serving as a botanical calling card for people to learn about this country.