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Be on strict guard against physiological diseases in edible mushroom cultivation
Wild mushroom: caused by high nitrogen, high moisture and high temperature in the substrate. Control methods: reduce the nitrogen content of the substrate and raise the pH value of the substrate to 8-9. Green mold: caused by a too low pH value, poor ventilation of the substrate bags, and excessive bag temperature leading to a stuffy stack. Control methods: raise the pH value to 8-9, strengthen microporous aeration to promote mycelial growth, and prevent stuffy stacks from high humidity. Dead mushrooms: shortly after pinning, large numbers of small mushroom pins sometimes shrink, turn yellow and even die. This is mainly because the temperature of the substrate bags in the mushroom stack is too high and the heat from mycelial metabolism cannot
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Identification and Control Methods of Physiological Diseases of Reishi Mushroom
Due to the action of abiotic factors, the physiological metabolism of reishi mushroom is often disrupted, leading to disease. Symptoms After physiological diseases occur, deformed mushrooms grow, and the mycelium stops growing or grows poorly and shrinks, and excessive vegetative growth can also occur. Causes During cultivation, improper management leads to poor nutrition of the mushroom body; the temperature in the cultivation room is too high or too low, and ventilation is poor; the water content of the substrate is too high or too low, or the pH is unsuitable; lighting is inconsistent; the bed contains excessively concentrated harmful gases; pesticides and growth regulators are used improperly.
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What is the carbon dioxide toxicity physiological disorder in garlic scapes?
When garlic scapes are packaged in plastic film bags, the carbon dioxide level becomes too high in the later stage, often causing toxicity. It shows as yellow spots on the scape stalk, which gradually sink in, join together, and the tissue becomes necrotic, with water-soaked rot, ultimately causing the garlic scapes to break apart. Sometimes the scape bulbAlso becomes necrotic, giving off an alcoholic smell accompanied by a foul odor. In severe cases, the entire bag of garlic scapes rots, and this has become an important disease in garlic scape storage. In controlled atmosphere storage of garlic scapes, carbon dioxide generally should not exceed 5%, and ventilation should be carried out regularly; in the later stage, carbon dioxide exceeding 13% will cause toxicity.
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What are the common physiological diseases of bag-cultivated shiitake mushrooms?
Physiological diseases, also known as non-infectious diseases, are poor growth phenomena caused by unsuitable growing conditions or the influence of harmful substances in the environment. Although such diseases have no pathogenic agents and are not mutually contagious, once they occur they can cause major losses. In Chunhua, Shaanxi, the most common physiological diseases of bag-cultivated shiitake mushrooms include mycelial thinning, mushroom burning (pile heating), yellow water in the mushroom logs, mushroom log decline, and deformed mushrooms. 1 Mycelial thinning 1.1 Symptoms: mycelial growth is sparse, and the mushroom logs are soft and lack elasticity. 1.2 Causes: ① The substrate had already become moldy before sterilization
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How to prevent and control common physiological diseases of oyster mushrooms?
1. Mycelial overgrowth. In oyster mushroom production, mycelial overgrowth often causes the mycelium to become densely clumped, forming old mycelial skin that fails to produce mushrooms. The main causes are aging of the spawn or subculturing with aerial mycelium during the transfer of primary spawn. In production, if the mushroom house is poorly ventilated, the temperature is too high, or the film is left covering for too long, mycelial overgrowth without mushroom production can also occur. Prevention and control methods: strengthen spawn production management; during the fruiting body differentiation stage, increase the ventilation of the mushroom house and lower the temperature of the mushroom house. When old mycelial skin appears during cultivation, promptly remove the old mycelial skin, score the mycelial block and mycelial film to stimulate mushroom production.
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What are the common physiological disorders of cut lilies
1. Yellowing and leaf drop: yellowing and leaf drop caused by poor soil permeability, followed by root damage caused by salt accumulation and overwatering, as well as nutrient deficiency, overfertilization, water stress, and excessively low temperatures; therefore, improve the soil before planting, and never overwater. 2. Leaf scorch: apart from variety, the cause of leaf scorch is mainly excessive fluctuation in factors such as temperature, light, water, and humidity; calcium deficiency and excessively high fluorine content can also cause leaf scorch. Therefore, in daily management, especially in protected cultivation management,
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Physiological Diseases of Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms have the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, a wide range of cultivation material sources, simple cultivation techniques, and high economic benefits. In recent years, oyster mushroom production has developed rapidly in our county, but in production, various non-infectious physiological diseases often occur due to poor management, causing yield reductions and directly affecting the economic benefits of oyster mushroom production. Based on many years of production practice experience, we have summarized the symptoms and control techniques of several main physiological diseases that commonly occur in oyster mushroom production. 1. Excessive mycelial growth In oyster mushroom production, excessive mycelial growth often causes the mycelium to become dense
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What are the digestive physiological characteristics of donkeys? Read this article to understand
Digestive physiological characteristics of donkeys: Donkeys have hard, well-developed teeth and flexible upper and lower lips, suitable for chewing coarse and hard feed. Donkeys have well-developed salivary glands; every 1 kg of forage can be softened and digested by 4 times its amount in saliva. The donkey's stomach is small, only equivalent to one-fifteenth that of a cow of the same size. The cardiac sphincter of the donkey's stomach is well-developed, while the vomiting nerve is underdeveloped, so it is not easy to feed feed that ferments and produces gas, to avoid gastric dilation. Chyme stays in the stomach for a short time; when the chyme in the donkey's stomach reaches two-thirds, as feeding continues, the stomach contents are continuously
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Identification of Physiological Disorder Symptoms in Lilies and Their Prevention and Control Methods
Physiological disorders, also known as non-infectious diseases, refer to the disruption of normal physiological metabolic functions in the plant itself caused by factors other than pathogens. The causes of physiological disorders may be internal factors such as mineral element deficiency, tissue aging, or environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity, and abnormal gas composition. I. Leaf scorch: The typical symptom of leaf scorch is the formation of semicircular necrosis at the tip and margin of the leaf, sometimes also manifested as chlorosis or necrosis at the leaf margin, or yellow-green spots appearing on parts of unexpanded or expanded young leaves
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Detailed Explanation of the Reproductive Organs and Physiological Characteristics of the Female Fox
The reproductive organs of the female fox consist of the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, and external reproductive organs (vulva). The external reproductive organs include the vestibule, labia, and clitoris. The ovaries of the female fox are located at the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae, grayish-red; during estrus, the ovaries measure 2 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width; the oviducts are 5-7 cm long. The ovaries and oviducts are covered by adipose tissue. The cervix protrudes into the vagina. The vagina is 6-8 cm long, with its front end connected to the cervix and its rear portion adjoining the urogenital vestibule. The vestibule has two relatively well-developed protrusions; during mating, the vestibule is stimulated and contracts violently, the two protrusions swell, and together with the bulbous body of the male fox's penis, a copulatory tie (lock) occurs. The vulva of the female fox is round on top and pointed at the bottom, covered by pubic hair and not visible during the non-breeding season; during the breeding season (i.e., estrus), it undergoes obvious morphological changes.
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