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Basic Methods and Procedures for Diagnosing Chicken Diseases: Laboratory Pathological Diagnosis
Take the typical tissues and organs of a dead chicken, cut them into pieces 1.5-3mm x 5mm in size, soak the tissues in 10% formalin solution or 95% alcohol for fixation, then section and stain the fixed tissue samples, and examine the pathological changes under a microscope. In poultry disease diagnosis, histopathological examination is used for: Marek's disease of chickens and avian leukosis to examine tumors; infectious laryngotracheitis of chickens, inclusion body hepatitis of chickens, fowl pox, etc. to examine inclusion bodies; avian encephalomyelitis, Marek's disease of chickens, etc. to examine brain and spinal cord lesions. The histopathology of certain infectious diseases in chickens has relatively characteristic changes
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Analysis of the Causes of Meteorological Diseases in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation and Prevention Countermeasures
Years of oyster mushroom cultivation practice has proven that abnormal weather changes in spring, with temperatures suddenly rising or dropping sharply, can cause the same meteorological diseases in oyster mushrooms within the same climatic zone. If poorly managed, oyster mushroom fruiting bodies will wilt and die in large numbers within 1-7d, resulting in heavy losses. Therefore, studying meteorological diseases of edible fungi, utilizing weather forecast results, and formulating effective preventive measures have very important practical significance for reducing losses of edible fungi and improving the economic benefits of mushroom cultivation. 1 Typical Cases and Analysis 1.1 Typical Cases Case 1: 1
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Identification of Physiological Disorder Symptoms in Lilies and Their Prevention and Control Methods
Physiological disorders, also known as non-infectious diseases, refer to the disruption of normal physiological metabolic functions in the plant itself caused by factors other than pathogens. The causes of physiological disorders may be internal factors such as mineral element deficiency, tissue aging, or environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity, and abnormal gas composition. I. Leaf scorch: The typical symptom of leaf scorch is the formation of semicircular necrosis at the tip and margin of the leaf, sometimes also manifested as chlorosis or necrosis at the leaf margin, or yellow-green spots appearing on parts of unexpanded or expanded young leaves
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What are the digestive physiological characteristics of donkeys? Read this article to understand
Digestive physiological characteristics of donkeys: Donkeys have hard, well-developed teeth and flexible upper and lower lips, suitable for chewing coarse and hard feed. Donkeys have well-developed salivary glands; every 1 kg of forage can be softened and digested by 4 times its amount in saliva. The donkey's stomach is small, only equivalent to one-fifteenth that of a cow of the same size. The cardiac sphincter of the donkey's stomach is well-developed, while the vomiting nerve is underdeveloped, so it is not easy to feed feed that ferments and produces gas, to avoid gastric dilation. Chyme stays in the stomach for a short time; when the chyme in the donkey's stomach reaches two-thirds, as feeding continues, the stomach contents are continuously
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Introduction to the Biological Characteristics of the Topmouth Culter (Culter alburnus) from the Yangtze River
The topmouth culter, commonly known in Guangdong as "Yangtze Heshun," in the middle reaches of the Yangtze as "qiaobai" or "white fish," and in the lower reaches of the Yangtze as "Taihu white fish." In recent years, many people in our province have passed off the bigeye culter, i.e. the "Pearl River Heshun," as "Yangtze Heshun" to sell to farmers, with the result that even after four years of intensive culture they could not reach the market size of 8 liang to 1 jin. Since last year, Hainan culter and qingshao culter have been passed off as "Yangtze Heshun"; although they grow somewhat faster than the bigeye culter, they are slower than the genuine topmouth culter, and it is very difficult to raise them to a market size of over 1 kg
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Biological agents developed for pest and disease control throughout the goji growing season
With the creation of 4 compound pure biological agents formulated by the "Research on Biological Control Technology for Major Goji Pests and Diseases" team at the Institute of Plant Protection of the Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, the pests and diseases constraining the development of Ningxia's goji industry have finally met their greatest "natural enemy." The use of these agents will achieve biological control of pests and diseases throughout the entire goji growing season, not only reducing the number of control applications but also improving goji quality. Goji is a traditional medicinal herb cultivated in Ningxia and is also a leading industry designated by the autonomous region's Party committee and government. However, the occurrence of goji pests and diseases is extremely complex,
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Physiological Diseases of Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms have the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, a wide range of cultivation material sources, simple cultivation techniques, and high economic benefits. In recent years, oyster mushroom production has developed rapidly in our county, but in production, various non-infectious physiological diseases often occur due to poor management, causing yield reductions and directly affecting the economic benefits of oyster mushroom production. Based on many years of production practice experience, we have summarized the symptoms and control techniques of several main physiological diseases that commonly occur in oyster mushroom production. 1. Excessive mycelial growth In oyster mushroom production, excessive mycelial growth often causes the mycelium to become dense
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What are the pharmacological effects of lily? A comprehensive analysis of its medicinal value
[Source] The dried fleshy scales of Lilium lancifolium Thunb., Lilium brownii F.E.Brown ex Miellez, or Lilium brownii F.E.Brown ex Miellez var. viridulum Baker, plants of the genus Lilium in the family Liliaceae. The first is commonly called "Longya lily" and the latter two are commonly called "Su lily". [Original plant] 1. Lilium lancifolium is a perennial herb, with a bulb nearly broadly spherical, 4-8 cm in diameter; scales fleshy, broadly ovate, 2.5-5 cm long, 1.4-2.5 cm wide, white; stem 0.8-1.5 m tall, with purple stripes, covered with white cottony hairs. Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 5-20 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, gradually smaller upward and bract-like, often with bulbils in the leaf axils. Flowers in summer; usually 3-6 flowers arranged in a terminal raceme; pedicels 6.5-9 cm long, purple, with white cottony hairs; flowers nodding, trumpet-shaped, tepals 6, in 2 whorls, lanceolate, recurved, orange-red, with purple-black spots; outer tepals 6-10 cm long, 1-2 cm wide; inner tepals slightly wider, with papillose and fimbriate projections on both sides of the nectary; stamens 6, filaments 5-7 cm long, pale red, anthers oblong, purple, about 2 cm long; ovary cylindrical, 1.5-2 cm long, style slender, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule narrowly oblong-ovate, 3-4 cm long. Grows in moist environments. Distributed in our province and Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang and other provinces and regions. Mostly cultivated. Also distributed in Japan and Korea. 2. Lilium brownii is a perennial herb, with a spherical bulb, 2-4.5 cm in diameter; scales lanceolate, 1.8-4 cm long, 0.8-1.4 cm wide, white; stem 0.7-2 m tall, with purple stripes or small papillose projections on the lower part. Leaves scattered, lanceolate to linear, 7-15 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, smaller upward and bract-like, with 5-7 veins, entire, glabrous. Flowers in May-June; flowers solitary or several arranged in a nearly umbellate inflorescence; pedicels 3-10 cm long, slightly curved; flowers trumpet-shaped, tepals 6, in 2 whorls, fragrant, milky white, slightly purple outside, spotless, spreading outward or with tips curved outward but not revolute, 13-18 cm long; outer tepals 2-4.3 cm wide, apex acute; inner tepals 3.4-5 cm wide, with small papillose projections on both sides of the nectary; stamens 6, filaments 10-13 cm long, curved upward; anthers oblong; ovary cylindrical, 3.2-3.6 cm long, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule oblong, 4.5-6 cm long, about 3.5 cm wide, ribbed, with many seeds. Grows on hillsides, under shrubs, roadsides or by streams. Distributed in our province and the southeastern, central, southwestern and southern regions of China. 3. Lilium brownii var. viridulum differs from Lilium brownii in its oblanceolate to obovate leaves. Grows on hillsides and in rock crevices. Distributed in our province and Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei provinces and all provinces and regions from East China and South China to Southwest China. Wild or cultivated.
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Etiological Analysis of Moldy Forage Poisoning in Rabbits During the Rainy Season
Entering the rainy and humid season, especially in the month, readers from various places call frequently for consultation, rabbit diseases occur frequently, and losses are continuous. The symptoms are mainly listlessness, trembling, paralysis, limpness, drooling, diarrhea, and so on. The disease looks similar to heatstroke, and before death it also resembles coccidiosis. However, comprehensive analysis shows that it is actually caused by mold poisoning. Because the onset is acute, death is fast, losses are heavy, and the scope of danger is wide, this article is written as a warning. 1. Etiological analysis: In the month, with abundant rain, high temperature, and muggy humidity, if forage is stored improperly, it is very easy to heat up, ferment, and become moldy, producing fungal toxins, especially aflatoxin.
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Detailed Explanation of the Morphological Characteristics and Living Habits of the Giant Mudskipper
Mudskippers are the collective name for fish in the family Gobiidae, commonly known as jumping sharks, mud hoppers, jumping fish, etc. They are warm-water and warm-temperate nearshore small fish, widely distributed along the west coast of Africa, India, the Pacific waters, and the tropical and subtropical nearshore shallow waters of the New Hebrides (not found in the Americas), and are found along the entire coast of China. There are not many species of mudskippers; along the coast of China there are mainly 3 genera and 6 species. Along the coast of Zhejiang there are a total of 3 genera and 4 species, namely the mudskipper, the giant mudskipper, the blue-spotted mudskipper, and the large blue-spotted mudskipper. Mudskippers are small edible fish with delicious meat, a short food chain,
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