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Key Points for Integrated Control of Powdery Mildew on Schisandra chinensis
1. Field symptoms Powdery mildew mainly damages the leaves of Schisandra chinensis, and in severe cases the fruit, petioles and stems are also affected. In the early stage of leaf infection, small white powdery mildew spots appear, gradually expanding and merging into patches, and the mildew layer thickens, like a layer of flour scattered on the leaf surface. On the underside of the mildew spots, small chlorotic spots initially form, expanding into irregular patches as the disease develops. In the late stage of the disease, black particles are produced in the mildew layer, causing moldy staining and fruit drop, reducing yield while also lowering quality. 2. Disease occurrence The powdery mildew pathogen of Schisandra chinensis belongs to the genus Erysiphe in the Ascomycota, and the conidia are mostly cylindrical, with a few being cylindrical-columnar, elliptical or long-oval. In the Fengcheng area, the pathogen overwinters as cleistothecia on diseased plant residues, and in May to June of the second year produces ascospores and conidia for infection, with July to August being the peak period of disease occurrence. The disease can occur at temperatures of 20-28°C, with 25-26°C being the most suitable. The disease is severe in mountainous areas above 1000 m in altitude; it is severe where management is poor, nitrogen fertilizer is applied excessively, and planting is too dense; 1-2 year old Schisandra chinensis plants are lightly affected, while those over 3 years old are severely affected.
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Key Integrated Management Techniques for Soybeans During the Flowering and Podding Stage
When soybeans enter the flowering and podding stage, vegetative growth and reproductive growth proceed together, requiring sufficient water, nutrients and light. In terms of cultivation measures, vegetative growth and reproductive growth should be coordinated to achieve many pods and many seeds. The main measures should include the following "three preventions" and strengthened management during the seed-filling and maturation stage. The "three preventions" measures during the flowering and podding stage (1) Preventing excessive vegetative growth: when soybeans have shown 2 tillers and are flowering, use 30 grams of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder per mu, mix with 40 kg of water, and spray to top the plants, which can shorten internodes, control top vine growth, increase flowers and preserve pods, so that pods cover the top; (2) Preventing drought and waterlogging: during the soybean flowering period, attention should be paid to summer drought, seepage and moisture retention, and in case of severe waterlogging, drain promptly to reduce waterlogging damage; (3) Controlling pests: from the end of July to mid-August is the peak outbreak period for soybean semi-looper, bean hawk moth, leaf roller, alfalfa noctuid and other pests. Pesticides with contact and stomach poison effects such as fenvalerate or cypermethrin plus dimethoate emulsion or dichlorvos can be used for control, eliminating pests at the 1st-2nd instar stage.
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What are the integrated pest and disease control measures for mushrooms?
Mushrooms are the main cultivated edible fungus variety in Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. However, pests and diseases have long plagued the vast number of mushroom growers. The integrated control measures are described below: (1) Strengthen cultivation management. 1. Disinfection of the cultivation house. For disinfection of the cultivation house, a mixed solution of formalin and dichlorvos can be used for fumigation. Before fumigation, first moisten the floor, walls, bed frames and daily tools by spraying, and seal up cracks. For every 100 sq m, use 1 jin of formalin and 150-200 g of dichlorvos in a pot, add 5 times the amount of water, then place it on a stove and heat. After lighting the fire
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How to prevent and control pests and diseases of edible fungi? A detailed explanation of integrated control techniques
Edible fungi belong to the macrofungi, and the environmental conditions required for their growth and development are also suitable for the occurrence, growth and reproduction of many pests and diseases. If the control of the ecological environment is not taken seriously, and necessary preventive measures are not taken in the early stage, contaminant microorganisms and various insect pests will occur in large numbers. In cultivation, following the integrated control policy of giving priority to agricultural control, reasonably combining biological and physical methods, and using chemical control as a remedial measure, and giving full play to the complementary advantages of various control methods, will be of very great significance for achieving high quality and high yield of various edible fungi. 1 Edible
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Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Integrated Pest Management of Edible Fungi
I. Eliminating pests starts from the source. Before the growing season each year, thoroughly clean the mushroom yard and eliminate pest breeding grounds. The cleaning scope includes mushroom houses and courtyards. All spent mushroom bags, straw pile garbage, compost and all organic waste from the previous year should be centrally burned or transported away, and weeds and peat soil should be removed. In the evening, spray with 15 ml of 80% dichlorvos and 5 ml of 1.8% abamectin mixed with 40 kg of water. After an interval of 1 week, apply once more, and after another week, whitewash the mushroom house with bleaching powder and lime slurry, and spread dry lime powder throughout the courtyard
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Integrated Control Methods for Soybean "Fire Dragon Seedling"
In Wudalianchi City, Heilongjiang Province, the soybean area is 950,000 mu, with a continuous cropping area of 930,000 mu, accounting for 97.8% of the soybean sown area. Through investigation, the area affected by soybean "Fire Dragon Seedling" is around 96.5%, with most yield reductions between 20 and 50%, and some plots reaching total crop failure. It can be said that due to the influence of the market economy, the continuous cropping area of soybean cannot be controlled, but through integrated control, the occurrence of soybean "Fire Dragon Seedling" can be reduced, enabling soybean to achieve high and stable yields. The integrated control techniques for soybean "Fire Dragon Seedling" are as follows:
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How to prevent and treat swine influenza? A comprehensive guide to integrated prevention and control techniques
Swine influenza is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease caused by the synergistic action of swine influenza A virus and Haemophilus suis. It occurs in pigs of different ages, sexes and breeds. Once the disease breaks out, it rapidly spreads throughout the whole herd. Symptoms include high fever, coughing and difficulty breathing. Most affected pigs show a benign course, but death can occur when complications are present. I. Causes: Abrupt climate changes with sudden cold and heat mean the protective qi cannot defend the exterior; pathogenic wind-cold and wind-heat invade the skin and muscles, then pass to the lungs, causing this disease. Affected pigs suddenly
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Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment Methods for Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders in Pigs
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders occur in young pigs, and the resulting bone dystrophy is called rickets. The pathological features are insufficient calcification by osteoblasts, persistent cartilage hypertrophy, and incomplete temporary calcification with enlargement of the epiphyses. The clinical features are digestive disturbance, pica, lameness, and skeletal deformity. It is a non-inflammatory disease of poor bone tissue development, and vitamin D deficiency also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rickets. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders occur in adult pigs, and the resulting bone dystrophy is called osteomalacia, or fibrous osteodystrophy. The pathological feature is progressive
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Occurrence Patterns and Integrated Control Methods of Pests and Diseases in Goji Berry
Goji berry is a deciduous shrub of the genus Lycium in the Solanaceae family. Its fruit is called goji berry (Lycii Fructus), and its root bark is called Digupi (Lycii Cortex); both can be used as medicine. The tender stems and leaves are eaten as vegetables. It is distributed throughout China, mostly in the wild. The related species Lycium barbarum (Ningxia goji) is mostly cultivated; its fruit is called Xi goji or Gan goji and is used medicinally, mainly produced in Ningxia, Gansu and Inner Mongolia. Goji berry suffers from pests and diseases at every stage of growth, causing great economic losses to production. The occurrence and control methods of goji berry pests and diseases are introduced as follows: 1 Diseases 1.1 Black fruit disease (anthracnose) Main
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How to treat garlic leaf blight? Master integrated control techniques in one article
Shandong is a major garlic-producing region, and garlic suffers fewer diseases than other vegetables. However, in recent years, a relatively rare new disease, garlic leaf blight, has appeared in garlic-growing areas, and it strikes fiercely and causes severe damage. Once this disease occurs, it can cause major yield reductions. I. Symptom identification This disease mainly affects leaves and leaf sheaths. Leaf infection falls into two types: first, the tip-blight type, which mainly occurs in the initial infection stage, with the leaf tip turning dark brown and forming many dark purplish-brown oblique parallel stripes on it; in severe cases the lesions extend to 1/3 to 4
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