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Methods for Transporting Live Pigs Over Long Distances in Hot Weather
1. Keep the purchased live pigs in holding and feed them for about 7 days, so that the pigs recover their normal physical condition before shipping. 2. Fattening pigs transported over long distances in hot weather must be quarantined one by one, and sick, disabled or inferior pigs must absolutely not be loaded onto the truck. 3. Before shipping, the truck carrying the fattening pigs must be carefully overhauled to prevent the truck from breaking down on the way and delaying the rush transport time; in particular, trucks that previously carried pesticides or other toxic substances must be strictly cleaned and disinfected to avoid toxic bacteria infecting the pigs. 4. Do not use truck bodies that absorb a large amount of heat to transport fattening pigs, to prevent the fattening pigs from suffering heatstroke
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Basic Overview of Protein in Pig Nutrition
(1) Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the most widely available and the largest proportion of nutrients in the diet, and are the main energy source for pigs. In cereal grain feeds, there is very little soluble grass sugar and disaccharide, mainly starch, so it is the main energy source for pigs. Starch is broken down by amylase in the digestive tract into glucose, which is then absorbed into the blood as blood sugar. It provides energy through biological oxidation in the body. The digestibility of soluble sugar and starch by livestock is 95%-100%. For piglets before 2-3 weeks of age, due to insufficient pancreatic amylase and intestinal disaccharidase secreted in the digestive tract, piglets fed large amounts of starch feed grow poorly. Before 7 days of age, piglets fed glucose and lactose can utilize them effectively. After 7-10 days of age, they can utilize fructose and sucrose, but young pigs after feeding generally suffer from severe diarrhea, weight loss and high mortality. Crude fiber, after treatment with a certain concentration of acid and alkali, the remaining residue is called crude fiber. This determination method is incorrect. Generally, crude fiber in feed contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and their composition ratio is unstable. In typical feed crude fiber, the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are 50%-80%, 20% and 10%-50% respectively. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides. Cellulose is a glucose polymer, and hemicellulose is composed of hybrid sugars (glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, uronic acid). Lignin is a group of complex and difficult-to-digest substances - incomplete polymers of phenylpropane derivatives. These substances are the main structural components of plant cell walls. In the Van Soest analysis method, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) estimates the total plant cell wall components mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) includes cellulose and lignin. The difference between NDF and ADF is the hemicellulose in the feed. The pig small intestine has no enzymes to digest crude fiber and cannot digest cellulose, hemicellulose and hemicellulose, but crude fiber enters the large intestine and undergoes microbial fermentation. The main end product of its digestion is volatile fatty acids, which supply about 5%-28% of the maintenance energy requirement. The digestibility of crude fiber is generally 30%-39%. Its digestibility is affected by fiber source, degree of lignification, content in the diet and degree of processing, so it varies greatly. The utilization of fiber is affected by the physical and chemical composition of the diet, the nutritional level of the diet, and the age of the animal. The digestibility of crude fiber varies from 0 to 97%. There is still no conclusion on the fiber level in diets for growing-finishing pigs. It is generally believed that for growing pigs around 20 kg body weight, the dietary crude fiber level is 6%. Some also believe that the level of neutral detergent fiber with low lignin should be less than or equal to 15%. Some experts believe that the crude fiber level in sow diets is 10%-12%. If the crude fiber level in the diet is too high, it reduces the digestibility of feed organic matter and energy. Increasing crude fiber in the diet by 1% reduces total energy digestibility by about 3.5%. It has also been reported to affect protein digestibility. In diets in the late finishing period, a higher level of crude fiber can be used to limit feed intake, reduce body fat deposition, and improve carcass quality. For every 1 percentage point increase in crude fiber content in the diet, backfat thickness is reduced by about 0.5 mm.
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Key points for winter care of Phalaenopsis orchids: do these well for a safe overwintering
In the north, Phalaenopsis orchids need to be cultivated in a heated greenhouse in winter. To create environmental conditions suitable for the growth of Phalaenopsis, the following aspects should mainly be done well: 1. Temperature: the suitable temperature for Phalaenopsis growth is 25°C-30°C during the day; above 32°C is unfavorable for growth and flower bud differentiation; at night 18°C-20°C, and it must not be lower than 15°C. If a relatively high temperature is maintained continuously, it is favorable for flowering. 2. Humidity: Phalaenopsis likes relatively high air humidity, and during the growth period it should be kept at 70%-8
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What kind of fish is the pond smelt? Characteristics and habits overview
(Osmeridae) Hypomesus oidous [local name] cucumber fish. [Morphological characteristics] Small fish, generally 6-8 cm in body length. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Head length greater than body depth. Snout terminal, mouth cleft relatively large, upper and lower jaws with villiform teeth, maxilla extending to below the eye. Eye present, eye diameter equal to snout length. Dorsal fin tall, its height greater than body depth, opposite the pelvic fins. Adipose fin present. Pectoral fins small. Caudal peduncle very slender, caudal fin deeply forked. Back light grass green, sides of body silvery white, scale edges with small dark spots. Fins grayish black
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A Detailed Explanation of the Origin and Development History of Black Tea ⟧2⟧Black tea originated in the Ming Dynasty in the 16th century. During the tea manufacturing process, it was discovered that sun-drying could replace the fixing (kill-green) step
Black tea originated in the Ming Dynasty in the 16th century. During tea manufacturing, it was discovered that sun-drying could replace fixation (kill-green), and after rolling the leaves turned red, thus producing black tea. The earliest black tea production began with Souchong black tea in Chong'an, Fujian. In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Jing's "Pian Ke Yu Xian Ji" records: "At the ninth bend of the mountain there is Xingcun town, where tea experts gather. Tea produced elsewhere in the province such as Shaowu and Jiangxi Guangxin, with black leaves and red soup, locally called Jiangxi Wu, is all privately sold to the various firms of Xingcun." After the appearance of Xingcun Souchong black tea, Congou black tea gradually evolved. In the 1920s, India crushed tea leaves during processing to make broken black tea, and in the 1950s our country also began trial production of broken black tea.
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Overview of Research Progress and Current Utilization of Propolis
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from tree buds, bark and other parts of plants, mixed with secretions from the bees' hypopharyngeal glands, wax glands and other glands, and processed and transformed by the bees. Propolis is an opaque solid, brown, reddish-brown or grayish-brown in color, sometimes with a greenish tinge, and in a few cases nearly black. Natural fresh propolis has a resinous fragrance and is sticky and malleable. It begins to soften at 36°C, becomes hard and brittle and can be pulverized at 15°C, and melts into a viscous liquid at 60-70°C. Propolis is a resinous substance, highly soluble in ether, chloroform, acetone,
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When is the covering time for protected cultivation of apricots?
For most apricot varieties, they must undergo a low-temperature period of 700-1000 hours below 7.2°C to break dormancy. Therefore, protected cultivation must raise the temperature only after the apricot's chilling requirement has been met, for success to be possible. If the temperature is raised too early, the apricot trees cannot sprout and bloom normally, and in severe cases it will cause a large number of flower buds to drop, uneven flowering, and severe flower and fruit drop. The timing of temperature increase should also be carefully decided based on the variety's chilling requirement and weather conditions. 1. Covering time for plastic greenhouses: Plastic greenhouses have poor insulation performance, so apricot trees must pass dormancy under natural conditions. The suitable covering time is generally from late January to early February, and the covering time is the temperature-raising time. If the weather is abnormal, such as a warm winter, the covering time should be appropriately delayed. For plastic greenhouses, ground film should be applied 15-20 days before covering to allow the soil temperature to rise slowly.
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Deep-sea fish overfished, more endangered than pandas
The latest research by Canadian scientists shows that various deep-water fish species in the Atlantic have been overfished by humans, and the situation is very serious; their survival status is even more endangered than that of giant pandas and Bengal tigers. Canadian biologists studied five species of deep-sea fish in Canadian waters from 1978 to 1994 to understand the severe impact on marine ecology caused by coastal fishermen shifting to deep-sea fishing. Scientists found that over seventeen years, these five fish species plunged by at least 87% and by as much as 98%. They
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A Detailed Guide to Ancient Tea-Making Methods: An Overview of Traditional Tea Production Techniques
Picking: The time for picking tea must be on clear days during the second, third, and fourth months, and the best target for picking is the tea buds that have just sprouted and are especially upright, growing on weathered limestone. Steaming: Place the freshly picked leaves into a steamer basket, then place the steamer basket into a pot, add water to the pot and cook it on the stove; inside the steamer basket there is a layer made of bamboo skin, and after steaming, take out the layer. Pounding: Pour the steamed tea leaves while hot into a mortar and pound them into pieces; place the pounded tea paste into an iron tea mold. There are many shapes of tea molds, and tea
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Key Techniques for Shade Net Coverage Cultivation of Allium Vegetables
Chives, scallions, garlic and other allium vegetables prefer cool climates and have poor heat tolerance, but they tolerate shade well. Cultivating them under shade net coverage during the high-temperature seasons of summer and autumn can promote growth and increase both yield and quality. For example, after covering chives, the leaf tips show no scorching, the leaves are tender and green, and the quality is noticeably improved. For garlic planted in August, covering with shade net increased the seedling survival rate by 44.54% compared with no covering, and plant height and leaf number increased significantly. In shade net coverage cultivation of allium vegetables, floating row cover can be used after sowing and before emergence, and after emergence, large tunnels, flat shelters and small arched tunnels can be used for covering.
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