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Preparation Methods and Key Points for Using Mushroom Topdressing Solutions
To achieve high mushroom yields, appropriate topdressing must be applied. The author now introduces the preparation and use methods of several mushroom topdressing solutions as follows: 1. Chemical fertilizer solution. Use a 0.1%-0.2% urea solution or a 0.5% ammonium sulfate solution, spraying once every 2-d (days), just enough to moisten the bed surface. This has the effect of making the fruiting bodies produced in the mid-to-late stage plumper and thicker. Dissolve 0.5kg of superphosphate in 15kg of water, take the filtrate, add 50g of ammonium bicarbonate or 150ml of ammonia water to neutralize it into ammonium phosphate, then spray it on the bed surface. This can make the mushrooms plump and thick, increasing yield by 15%-20%.
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Prevention and Control Methods for Contaminant Fungi in Mushroom Cultivation
The main contaminant fungi in mushroom cultivation are mainly Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus, etc., and are among the most common contaminant fungi in spawn production and cooked-substrate production. This type of mold prefers high-temperature, humid environments; for example, Trichoderma spores can survive long-term in soil and organic materials or in cracks in the walls of the growing shed, and spread through air, casing soil materials, tools, etc. 1. Preventive measures are: use Baibing Quwuzong to thoroughly disinfect and kill the mushroom shed; during the spawn-running and fruiting periods, spray a fungicidal agent about once every 5 days; in production, Baibing Quwuzong and Mushroom Bing-ling can be used alternately. 2.
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What are the control methods for mushroom droplet disease?
Droplet disease is caused by infection with rod-shaped bacteria. Its symptoms are colorless or yellowish-gray droplets of varying sizes produced on the mushroom bodies. Brown or yellow, sometimes green, small spots appear on the caps. This disease was first discovered in France, is rare in the United States and Japan, and has not yet been reported in China. Control measures: keep the inside and outside of the mushroom house clean and hygienic, strengthen ventilation and air exchange, and do not make the mushroom house too humid.
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What are the control methods for mushroom rust spot disease?
Mushroom rust spot disease, also called brown spot disease or bacterial blotch, is caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, an acidophilic species of the genus Pseudomonas. It spreads through insects, tools, the hands of workers and other carriers. The disease is severe when the casing soil of the mushroom bed has a pH below 5.5, when ventilation is poor, when humidity is too high, and when the mushroom caps remain constantly moist and sticky after watering. Its symptoms are: it generally infects only the epidermal layer of the mushroom cap, causing spots of varying size that are initially yellowish-brown and rust-like in appearance, which later gradually turn brown or black, and sometimes scars with mucus also appear on the caps.
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What are the control methods for mushroom soft rot?
Soft rot is also called wet disease and Dactylium disease. The disease is caused by infection with Dactylium fungi. It is mostly spread through airflow and splashed water droplets, and spores contaminating the casing soil can also cause the disease. Casing soil that is too wet and temperatures that are too low also make this disease more likely to occur. Dactylium fungi mostly occur on the surface of the mushroom bed. White cottony (also called cobweb-like) mycelium first appears on the mushroom bed. If it is not dealt with in time, the mycelium spreads rapidly and completely surrounds the small mushroom buds. At first only a clump of white mycelium is seen, and later it turns water-red. After the fruiting bodies are infected, the mushrooms become soft, collapse
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What are the control methods for mushroom damping-off disease?
Mushroom damping-off disease, also known as wilt disease, is caused by infection with Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli. It is mainly spread through contaminated soil. The fungus has a strong saprophytic ability and can survive for a long time in soil and diseased plant debris. This disease mainly attacks the mushroom stipe; after infection, the pith of the stipe shrinks and turns brown. Early-infected diseased mushrooms show no difference in appearance from healthy ones, except that the fruiting body becomes shorter and smaller, the cap is darker in color, and the fruiting body stops growing and gradually becomes a "rigid mushroom." In addition, after the fruiting body is infected, the pathogen secretes toxins that destroy mycelial growth or cause small primordia to die, thereby affecting the next flush of mushrooms, which either fails to grow or dies. Pink mold patches can be seen on the surface of the growing medium.
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Common Pest and Disease Control Methods for Greenhouse Mushrooms
The main diseases of mushrooms in greenhouses are: (1) "white rot," also known as brown rot or Mycogone perniciosa disease, which is the most common and most damaging fungal disease among greenhouse mushroom diseases. (2) "ink cap seedlings," also known as wild mushrooms. The main insect pests are mushroom flies, mosquitoes, nematodes, mites, etc. How can these pests and diseases be controlled? Through several years of practice, we have summarized the following experiences for everyone's reference: 1. White rot. Completely eliminating this fungus is not very easy. But we can start from the word "prevention," that is,
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What are the effective control methods for mushroom fungus maggots
There are many kinds of maggot-like larvae that damage mushroom fruiting bodies and mycelium, collectively known as "fungus maggots." The four more common ones are mushroom gnats, gall midges, mushroom flies, and dung flies. Their larvae--maggots--look roughly similar in morphology to the naked eye, and among the adults only the gnats and flies show obvious differences. The morphology and even the living habits of gall midges, mushroom flies, and dung flies are very similar, so they are often mistaken for just one species, all called "fungus flies." Fungus maggots (larvae) bore into and eat the fruiting bodies, turning the mushrooms into waste products, and some damage the mycelium. Bored into and eaten by fungus maggots
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Prevention methods for thin-skinned mushrooms that open their caps early
Because the temperature alternates between cold and hot, the temperature varies greatly, and the day-night temperature difference reaches 10-15°C. When the mushroom house is ventilated excessively, or the temperature remains above 18°C for a long time, causing the mycelium to grow quickly and the mushrooms to fruit too densely, the fruiting bodies are prone to developing thin-skinned, cap-opening mushrooms with slender stipes, thin caps and early cap opening. Preventive measures: scientific management. Ventilate and spray water in appropriate amounts; when the weather changes suddenly, strengthen management and maintain suitable temperature and humidity in the mushroom house; during fruiting, the humidity should be kept at 12-16°C, and excessively dense mushroom buds should be removed appropriately.
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What are the methods to prevent mushroom blight?
Mushroom death is the phenomenon in which small mushrooms on the mushroom bed shrink, turn yellow, and die. When mushroom blight occurs in patches or batches, it can severely affect yield. 1. Causes of mushroom death: 1. Temperatures too high in late autumn (exceeding 23°C), or rising temperatures during the spring fruiting period (temperatures above 21°C for several consecutive days), causing small mushroom seedlings to shrink and die from lack of nutrients. 2. Poor ventilation in the mushroom house, insufficient oxygen, and excessively high carbon dioxide concentration mean that the heat generated during metabolism cannot dissipate quickly, causing small mushroom seedlings to die from insufficient oxygen or
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