Common Pest and Disease Control Methods for Greenhouse Mushrooms
The main diseases of mushrooms in greenhouses are:
(1) "White rot," also known as brown rot or Mycogone perniciosa disease, is the most common and most damaging fungal disease among greenhouse mushroom diseases.
(2) "Ink cap seedlings," also known as wild mushrooms. The main insect pests are mushroom flies, mosquitoes, nematodes, mites, etc. How can these pests and diseases be controlled? Through several years of practice, we have summarized the following experiences for everyone's reference:
1. White rot
Completely eliminating this fungus is not very easy. But we can start from the word "prevention," that is, eliminate the disease early before it breaks out massively. The following need to be done:
1. When the compost is subjected to secondary fermentation in the mushroom house, treat it by passing in steam. The specific method is: sterilize by pasteurization, keeping the temperature at about 60°C and continuing for 6 hours to 10 hours.
2. When casing soil is applied, disinfect with formalin (2 kg/cubic meter), and after casing, when adjusting the water amount, evenly spray the bed surface and surrounding environment with a high-efficiency fungicide (500x-1000x) or carbendazim (500x-1000x).
3. Once this disease is found to appear, first, immediately stop watering, increase ventilation, and lower the temperature and humidity of the mushroom house. Second, immediately dig out the diseased mushrooms, mycelial blocks and surrounding casing soil, and spread lime on them and destroy them in a centralized manner to prevent reinfection. Third, after replacing with new soil, evenly spray formalin, high-efficiency fungicide or carbendazim pesticide on the original diseased area. Use the same concentration as above or double it. In severe cases, fumigate the mushroom house with formalin (10 ml/cubic meter) or an aerosol disinfection box (2 g/cubic meter-4 g/cubic meter) for 1 hour, ventilate for 2 days-3 days, and spray the pesticide after the bed surface dries.
2. Ink cap seedlings
This fungus mainly occurs in compost with excessively high temperature. Therefore, when stacking the compost, first select raw materials free of mold, and at the same time adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio well to avoid excessively high nitrogen content. When the free nitrogen content is too high, treat it with formaldehyde; second, during the spawn-running stage, remember not to let the material temperature become too high, so as to avoid the occurrence of the pathogen. If ink cap seedlings have already appeared on the mushroom bed, they should be pulled out clean immediately, then ventilate and cool down; after the room temperature drops, the pathogen will disappear on its own.
3. Mushroom flies and mosquitoes
Mushroom flies and mosquitoes mainly come from the compost; in addition, manure in the surrounding environment is also a place where they live. Therefore, as long as attention is paid to environmental sanitation and the fermentation and disinfection steps of the compost, their occurrence can be controlled. Spraying with 1000x julehezhi solution or 1000x decis solution can prevent their damage.
4. Nematodes
Nematodes mainly live in soil and enter the mushroom house with the casing soil. Treating the compost by pasteurization can effectively kill nematodes. When nematodes occur mildly, spray the material surface in the mushroom house with 50x dimehypo emulsion or 500x malathion emulsion; in severe cases, fumigating the mushroom house with aluminum phosphide is more effective.
5. Mites
Mites mainly lurk in manure and can invade the mushroom house with the compost, so treating the compost by pasteurization can effectively control their occurrence. In addition, when stacking the material, mix in trichlorfon or spray the bed surface with 1000x julehezhi solution and 1000x dichlorvos solution. In severe cases, fumigation with phosphorus can be used.