What are the effective control methods for mushroom fungus maggots

There are many kinds of maggot-like larvae that damage mushroom fruiting bodies and mycelium, collectively known as "fungus maggots." The four more common ones are mushroom gnats, gall midges, mushroom flies, and dung flies. Their larvae--maggots--look roughly similar in morphology to the naked eye, and among the adults only the gnats and flies show obvious differences. The morphology and even the living habits of gall midges, mushroom flies, and dung flies are very similar, so they are often mistaken for just one species, all called "fungus flies."

Fungus maggots (larvae) bore into and eat the fruiting bodies, turning the mushrooms into waste products, and some damage the mycelium. Mushrooms that have been bored into and eaten by fungus maggots sometimes show no obvious signs on the outside, but this has a great impact on canning quality.

Fungus maggots mainly come from cow dung or pig dung. During the process of collecting and spreading cow dung and pig dung to dry in summer and autumn, flies fly over them and lay eggs. When these materials are piled for fermentation, the insect eggs in them are not all killed, and they are brought into the mushroom house along with the compost. The control methods are introduced as follows:

1. When there are no fruiting bodies growing on the mushroom bed, spray with a 1000-fold dilution of trichlorfon, which can kill adults and larvae exposed on the surface of the casing soil layer. Spray once every 2 days, for 3-4 consecutive times.

2. Adults are phototactic, so black light lamps can be used to trap and kill them.

3. When piling the compost, raise the pile temperature as much as possible, and when turning the pile, spray a 150-200-fold dilution of dichlorvos solution while turning the material. After rebuilding the pile, cover it tightly with plastic film, fumigate for 2 days, then uncover it; this can kill most of the insects and insect eggs in the pile.

4. Use some traditional pesticides, such as tobacco stalks, tomato stems and leaves, eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, sweet wormwood, and castor leaves, mixed into the composting materials for piling, which can kill larvae or reduce larval breeding.

5. Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus moritalis, Beauveria bassiana, and others all have very good effects on controlling fly larvae. Bacillus has a strong pathogenicity to fly insects, can kill larvae and pupae, and is harmless to humans and livestock. When livestock eat feed carrying Bacillus, the dung they excrete also carries the bacteria, and fly larvae cannot breed.

6. The compost must undergo "secondary fermentation."