A Detailed Guide to the Cultivation Techniques and Management Methods of Black Jujube
Black jujube, also known as wild persimmon or clove jujube, comes in two types: one with a pit and another artificially grafted variety that is pitless. Its main varieties are the large-pit black jujube, the milk jujube, and the grape black jujube. Black jujube has the effects of tonifying qi, benefiting the spleen, and nourishing the stomach, and it has high medicinal and edible value. At present, black jujube is mainly cultivated in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and other places in China, so today let us follow them and learn about black jujube cultivation techniques together.
1. Site Selection and Preparation
Black jujube has the characteristics of loving light and fertilizer, tolerating slight shade, slight salinity and alkalinity, cold, drought, and moisture, and having strong adaptability, which is to say that black jujube has very strong resistance. Generally, when planting black jujube, we choose a semi-shaded, semi-sunny area with fertile soil, moderate pH, sufficient water sources, and no pollution. If it is wasteland, land preparation generally requires full reclamation, but if there was a previous crop, hole reclamation can be considered. Land preparation should be combined with fertilization, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, which can not only improve the soil structure of the planting site.
2. Seed Treatment
In traditional cultivation, black jujube is propagated by seed, but for large-scale cultivation today, grafting is generally used. When using seed propagation, we need to treat the seeds. First, clean off the remaining pulp or impurities on the seeds, then select plump, healthy seeds, mix them evenly into wet sand, and finally store them in a pile with wet sand.
3. Sowing Methods
Black jujube is generally planted in spring each year, and of course it can also be planted from November to December in winter each year. Sowing is generally done by direct seeding, scattering the seeds evenly in the field, then covering the seeds with soil and watering once. If the temperature is low, a layer of straw or plastic film should also be covered on top to keep warm and retain moisture. Of course, hole sowing can also be used, and hole sowing needs to be carried out according to the density required for black jujube cultivation.
4. Seedling Management
Before black jujube seedlings emerge, we should maintain a certain humidity in the field. Before emergence, keeping the field humidity at around 50 percent is sufficient. The humidity should not be too high, otherwise it is easy to cause seed rot and affect the emergence rate of black jujube. But if sowing in winter, we only need to water the soil thoroughly after sowing, cover it with straw and plastic film, and then wait for emergence. After emergence, we should wait at least seven days before watering, to let it adapt to the environment as quickly as possible, and apply appropriate topdressing to promote seedling growth.
5. Field Management
When black jujube saplings have grown to about 20 cm, we can transplant and establish them. The planting density should be controlled at about 2 m between rows and 1.5 m between plants. After planting, when the saplings grow to about 50 cm, prune them appropriately. In short, during the young tree period, pruning and shaping should be carried out at least about six times a year until a complete tree shape is formed. After black jujube blooms and bears fruit, it is only necessary to water and fertilize reasonably according to its different growth stages, and prune branches and leaves and clean the orchard after each spring and fruit harvest.
The above is the black jujube cultivation technique that the editor wants to introduce to you today, and I hope it can help all friends. If you want to learn more detailed cultivation techniques, remember to follow us.