Introduction to the Huashan Pear Variety and Its Main Characteristics

I. Variety Origin

Introduced from South Korea in 1999 by the Beijing Municipal Forestry Bureau and planted at the Huangfa Nursery in Beijing. Parental combination: Hosui x Okusankichi. Approved by Beijing in 2002.

II. Characteristics

This variety was bred in South Korea and belongs to the sand pear system, a large-fruited pear type.

The tree vigor is relatively strong, the tree posture is semi-spreading, and it readily forms short fruit spurs and axillary flower buds, with 7-9 flowers per inflorescence. The leaves are broadly oval, with small serrations along the leaf margin, and the leaves are light green. One-year-old branches are yellowish brown, with large and densely arranged lenticels, and the branches are thick and sturdy.

The fruit shape is round, with small and sparse fruit dots. The average single fruit weight is 500 g, and the maximum single fruit weight is 800 g. The skin is thin, the flesh is milky white, with few stone cells and abundant juice, and the edible rate is 94%. The fruit set rate is high, and it is high-yielding. The fruit surface is bright yellowish brown, and after bagging the fruit surface turns light brownish yellow. At the Huangfa Nursery, the flowering period is mid-April, and the fruit ripening period is early to mid-September, about 15 days earlier than in South Korea.

High and stable yields, strong resistance to scab and black spot, and a large amount of pollen, so it can serve as a pollinator tree for other varieties, but it cannot serve as a pollinator tree for the Ganquan pear, and the fruit quality is good. When nitrogen fertilizer is excessive or the growth vigor is too strong, it easily leads to fruit rot, because the fruit surface is still green at maturity, so the judgment of maturity must be strengthened, as overripeness easily produces the honey disease phenomenon. This variety and the Ganquan pear cannot serve as mutual pollinator trees. If too many fruits are set, it easily causes premature tree decline, so fruit thinning should be strengthened, and cultivation should include good irrigation and drainage work.

Young trees show flowers from the second year and begin to bear fruit in the third year. In the Beijing area, the average yield per mu should be controlled at 2000-2500 kg.

After the fruit is harvested, storage time can be extended under cold storage conditions.

III. Key Points of Cultivation Techniques

1. The plant growth vigor is relatively strong; pay attention to reasonable close planting, with 45-111 plants planted per mu.

2. It is suitable as a pollinator tree for other varieties, but it cannot serve as a pollinator tree for the Ganquan pear.

3. In the first year of planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and ensure sufficient fertilizer and water supply in the first two years to promote crown formation as quickly as possible; after fruiting, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, especially by applying more organic fertilizer, with the application amount reaching 5-10 cubic meters per mu.

4. Bend branches in a timely manner to improve ventilation and light penetration conditions.

5. For top-grafted trees, bend branches in a timely manner in the first year and strengthen tree vigor, and flower buds can be formed in the second year.

6. After the fruit is harvested, supplement nitrogen fertilizer in a timely manner, using a combination of foliar spraying and root application.

7. Fruit bagging management must be implemented, and attention should be paid to observing and controlling bag-entering pests such as yellow mealybug and pear psylla.

IV. Suitable Planting Areas

Suitable for planting in the Beijing area.