What are the precautions for planting Golden Pear?

1. Site selection: Golden Pear has poor tolerance to drought and barren soil, so when planting, the orchard site should be chosen where the soil layer is deep and fertile; sites with poor soil and no irrigation conditions are not suitable for planting.

2. Spacing between plants and rows: Young Golden Pear trees flower easily and bear fruit early, and the canopy of fruiting trees grows slowly, so they can be planted somewhat densely. The reasonable spacing for cultivation is 2m x 2.5--3m. Determining a reasonable spacing not only allows rational and economical use of the land, but also can increase the yield per unit area of Golden Pear and achieve higher economic benefits.

3. Arrangement of pollinizer trees: Golden Pear is a variety with no pollen or very little pollen, so when establishing an orchard, double pollinizer trees must be properly arranged. For pollinizer varieties, choose excellent varieties such as Huangguan, Lubaoshi (Zhongli No. 1), and Kosui.

4. Humidity: Golden Pear has particularly strict water requirements, so soil moisture should be kept relatively stable. In dry weather with no rain, watering is necessary to avoid producing permanently wrinkled fruit (toad fruit).

5. Hand pollination: Pears from hand pollination are larger in size and better in quality than those from natural pollination. Therefore, hand pollination during the flowering period can not only increase yield, but is also an important technical measure for improving the commercial quality of the fruit.

6. Bagging: To produce high-quality, premium Golden Pear, bagging is essential, and double bagging must be carried out: first put on a small bag, then a large bag. The small bag must be an oiled-paper bag. The time is mid-to-late May; for the large bag, it is best to use a double-layer paper bag that is white outside and yellow inside, or yellow outside and white inside. The pears from it are light yellow-green, which is the most popular; pears bagged with a black-lined paper bag are yellow-white. The time for putting on the large bag is early July, but the small bag must be removed before putting on the large bag. In addition, the tighter the bag opening is sealed, the better; binding the fruit bag onto the fruit stem (stalk) is better than not binding the stem. When bagging, high-quality fruit bags must be selected; using inferior bags is worse than not bagging at all.

7. Fruit thinning: Leave 1 fruit every 30--35cm. One week after petal fall, de-calyxed fruit (female pears) and non-de-calyxed fruit (male pears) are clearly distinguishable, and this can be combined with fruit thinning to thin out the non-de-calyxed fruit. For persistent-calyx fruit with large size and good position, a single-edge razor can be used to remove the calyx, but the wound must be flush and must not damage the fruit top of the young fruit. Alternatively, 3 days after hand pollination during the flowering period, a small sprayer can be used to spray 15% PP333 at 7000--10000 times dilution, which can effectively thin out the calyx and make all fruit become de-calyxed "female pears."

8. Timely renewal: Golden Pear is prone to early decline after fruiting, so after fruiting it should be cut back promptly.

9. Timely pest control: The most important thing is to carry out good control of the pear psylla, focusing on mid-to-late May to early June. For the pesticide, choose 5000 times imidacloprid + 8000 times abamectin + 1300 times Bailin No. 3. The control effect can reach 90% or more.