Analysis of the Introduction Performance and Development Strategies of Southern Pears in Hezhou

According to the deciduous fruit development concept of "southern pears and northern peaches" proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1996, Hezhou City, Guangxi, began introducing southern pears from Zhejiang University, Guilin, Guangxi, and other places in 2000. A total of 11 southern pear varieties were introduced, and the current cultivation area is 1066.67 hm2. It is expected that the pear output in 2006 will reach 25,000 t. Based on current introduction observations, the soil, climate, and other natural conditions in Hezhou City are very suitable for the growth of southern pears. Many varieties show advantages such as high and stable yield, good taste, rich flavor, and strong resistance. The products are widely welcomed by consumers in the market, and farmers who introduced southern pears generally achieved good returns. Introduced varieties and distribution At present, the southern pear varieties planted in Hezhou City include: Cuiguan, Huanghua pear, Fengshui pear, Kosui pear, Liuyueshuang, Guihua pear, Xinjiu, Yuanhuang pear, Jinshui pear, and Xizilv. The main production area of southern pears is in Fuchuan1 County, Hezhou City, about 1013 hm2, accounting for 95% of the city's southern pear cultivation area. The distribution of southern pears in Fuchuan County is as follows: Cuiguan and Huanghua pear are mainly distributed in Lou Village, Gepo Town (about 166 hm2), Linliu, Fuyang Town (about 66 hm2), Longyan, Liujia Township (about 100 hm2), and Xiabashan, Lianshan Town (about 133 hm2); Fengshui and Kosui pear are mainly distributed in Maojia and Shuping, Fuli Town, Fuchuan County; other southern pear varieties are distributed in Chengbei, Chaodong, Xinhua, Shijia, and other townships (towns) in Fuchuan County. There is also a small amount of cultivation in other counties and districts. Performance of main introduced varieties Cuiguan pear: introduced from Zhejiang in 2002, mainly planted in Lou Village, Gepo Town, Fuchuan County. Its growth performance is relatively vigorous tree vigor, easy flower formation and fruiting, flowering period in early March, fruit nearly round, peel yellow-green, flesh white, fruit juicy and sweet, small core, good productivity, strong resistance, relatively tolerant of extensive management, single fruit weight 200-220 g, matures in late June, yield per 667 m2 can reach 3.5-5 t. Huanghua pear: introduced from Zhejiang in 2000, planted in Lou Village. After 4 years of introduction observation, its growth performance is: strong tree vigor, easy to manage, fast growth, early fruiting, easy to form flower buds and short fruit branches. Generally, it can bloom and bear trial fruit in the second year after planting, and in the third year the yield per 667 m2 can reach 1 t. After 5 years it enters the full fruiting period, and the yield per 667 m2 can reach more than 5 t. Huanghua pear blooms in early March in Fuchuan and matures in mid-to-late July. The fruit is round, the peel is yellow-brown, the flesh is white, the texture is fine, the single fruit weight reaches 300 g, and the quality is upper-middle grade. Storage and transportation period is 10-15 days. Kosui pear: introduced from Zhejiang in 2000, planted in Fuli Town, Fuchuan County. It shows strong tree vigor, relatively strong branching ability, relatively open tree posture, easy flower formation, flowering period in mid-March, fruit juicy and sweet, single fruit weight 200-250 g, maturity period in late June, yield per 667 m2 in the full fruiting period about 3.5 t, relatively difficult to manage. Fengshui pear: introduced from Zhejiang in 2000, planted in Fuli Town, Fuchuan County. It shows vigorous growth, strong sprouting ability, strong branching ability, early fruiting, flowering period in early March, fruit juicy and sweet, fine flesh, single fruit weight about 250 g, maturity period in late June, yield per 667 m2 in the full fruiting period about 3-3.5 t. Yuanhuang pear: introduced from Guilin in 2000, planted in Chaodong and other townships (towns) in Fuchuan County. Its introduction performance is: open tree posture, relatively strong branching ability, good fruiting performance, single fruit weight 250-600 g, peel yellow-brown, nearly round, flesh snow-white, sweet and fragrant, tender and juicy, blooms in early March in Fuchuan County, matures in mid-July, yield per 667 m2 in the full fruiting period about 2.5-3.5 t. Xinjiu pear: introduced from Guangxi Citrus Research Institute in 2003, currently planted area is relatively small. It shows relatively vigorous tree vigor, strong branching ability, relatively small fruit, single fruit weight about 200 g, blooms in early March, matures in late June. Due to the relatively short introduction time, its high and stable yield performance cannot yet be determined. Main existing problems Based on the development status and cultivation performance of southern pears in Hezhou City, the main problems are as follows: Variety defect problems Huanghua pear and Cuiguan pear quality is at the upper-middle level, but the storage and transportation period is short, and they will change flavor after more than 15 days; Fengshui pear and Kosui pear are relatively difficult to manage, have high water and fertilizer requirements, and are prone to ring rot disease. Other varieties with small cultivation areas, such as Guihua pear, grow relatively slowly, have weak branching ability, and low yield; Xizilv has low yield. Planting management problems First, the nursery stock market management is not perfect, and good and poor varieties are mixed; second, the planting starting point is low, and the quality of orchard establishment is poor; third, the mentality of emphasizing planting over management is serious, the production management level is low, and management and protection techniques cannot keep up; fourth, there is a lack of capital investment, and follow-up investment is insufficient. Development strategies Select varieties and promote the best After introduction, trial planting, observation, and comparison, screen out varieties with good local horticultural traits, excellent quality, and good market prospects as varieties for promotion and development. According to the current introduction performance of each variety, it is recommended to focus on Huanghua pear, Cuiguan pear, and Yuanhuang pear, which have high and stable yield, high quality, easy management, strong resistance, and good commercial properties. Strengthen nursery stock management and establish a improved variety nursery stock breeding system It is recommended that relevant departments strictly implement the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Fruit Tree Nursery Stock Production and Operation" issued by the Guangxi Department of Agriculture, standardize nursery stock production and operation behavior, and rely on the technical advantages of municipal and county (district) fruit departments to establish a improved variety nursery stock breeding system based mainly on municipal and county (district) secondary and tertiary nurseries, cultivate pure varieties and large seedlings free from pests and diseases for farmers to plant, ensure the seed use safety of southern pear production, and promote the healthy and stable development of southern pears. Strengthen technical training and improve fruit farmers' technical level According to the actual fruit production situation in Hezhou City and the technical level of fruit farmers, strengthen leadership over training work, formulate training plans, implement personnel, training bases, and funds, organize fruit departments in each county (district) to carry out multi-channel, multi-level, and multi-type fruit tree production technology training, change fruit farmers' planting concepts, and improve fruit farmers' production technical level and management ability. At the same time, strengthen the promotion and popularization of new technologies and new methods for fruit production, and through implementing the "High-Quality Fruit Project" construction, advance the pollution-free agricultural product action plan and standardized fruit production, increase fruit production yield per unit area and fruit quality, and enhance the market competitiveness of fruit products. Raise funds from multiple sources. Increase capital investment It is necessary to do publicity and mobilization work well, extensively mobilize and activate private funds to participate in fruit production; increase investment promotion, introduce outside merchants to invest in developing the fruit industry; strengthen rural small-amount fruit planting @#@150@#@, and financial departments such as the Agricultural Bank of China and rural credit cooperatives should focus on supporting the development of characteristic fruits such as southern pears in Hezhou City. At the same time, increase financial support, allocate special funds for projects such as fruit seedling cultivation, technical training and promotion, and post-harvest services. Strengthen brand cultivation and seize the market Southern pears produced in Hezhou have characteristics such as regular fruit shape, fine flesh, juicy and sweet taste, and small core, and are very suitable for market consumer demand. In recent years, the market price has been around 2.50 yuan/kg, and fruit products are in short supply. However, with the increasing improvement of people's consumption levels, southern pears will still face market competition of survival of the fittest. To this end, it is necessary to promptly formulate pollution-free standardized production technical regulations for southern pears and do a good job in trademark registration for high-quality fruit products, strengthen the identification of high-quality fruit products and the selection and breeding of excellent individual plants, improve the level of fruit product packaging, increase brand innovation and premium product research and development, cultivate high-quality southern pear brands, use excellent brand effects to support an excellent reputation, and expand market share. Do a good job in publicity and @#@136@#@ work. Promote industrial efficiency enhancement and farmers' income increase It is necessary to use newspapers, television, and other media to vigorously publicize Hezhou southern pears and increase their visibility. At the same time, give play to the role of companies or organizations such as Hezhou Xiushan Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. and Hezhou Fruit Industry Association, do a good job in building the circulation team, organize personnel to go to Guangdong and other places to understand market conditions, extensively contact merchants, broaden southern pear sales channels, improve southern pear production and operation efficiency, and increase farmers' income.