How to apply base fertilizer in autumn? Master these technical points

I. Benefits of applying base fertilizer in autumn

The time for applying base fertilizer in autumn is generally September-October in autumn. This is because this is a growth peak of the root system, wounded roots heal easily, and the level of nutrient reserves can be increased. In addition, at this time the temperature is high, the soil temperature is suitable, which is beneficial to microbial reproduction, beneficial to the decomposition of organic fertilizer and root absorption, increases the utilization rate of fertilizer, increases stress resistance, especially cold resistance, and helps flower buds continue to differentiate and become plump. Through full decomposition in winter, organic fertilizer can meet the nutrients needed for germination, flowering, shoot growth, and leaf expansion in the coming spring. At the same time, applying base fertilizer in autumn can improve soil structure and build soil fertility, and is an important management measure.

II. Types of fertilizer applied

Mainly organic fertilizer (barnyard manure, compost, dried chicken manure, various cake fertilizers, grass fertilizer, green manure). These fertilizers contain various nutrient elements needed by plants. Orchards with a large amount of organic fertilizer are rich in trace elements and are not prone to deficiency symptoms. Therefore, organic fertilizer is an important fertilizer for high, stable, and high-quality fruit production in fruit trees.

III. Reasonably prepare the amount used

For autumn base fertilizer, organic fertilizer is mainly used, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Achieve a combination of soil improvement and nutrient supply, and a combination of slow-release and quick-acting. According to different tree ages, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in chemical fertilizer also differs; young trees need more nitrogen fertilizer. For fruiting trees, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be appropriately greater. The amount of fertilizer applied should be determined according to unit area, tree age, and yield. For young trees, apply 15 kg of organic fertilizer and 1 kg of chemical fertilizer per tree; for fruiting trees, it is determined according to yield. For an orchard with a yield of 2000 kg per mu, the organic fertilizer should reach "one jin of fertilizer per jin of fruit"; for an orchard with a yield of more than 3000 kg per mu, the organic fertilizer should reach "one and a half jin of fertilizer per jin of fruit" or "two jin of fertilizer per jin of fruit". On the basis of applying organic fertilizer, apply 150 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 100 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 100 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. The amount of fertilizer applied in autumn should account for more than 80% of the whole year's fertilizer application.

IV. Fertilization methods

For young trees, use the ring trench application method. For mature trees, the strip trench application method, radial trench application method, hole application method, or whole-orchard broadcast application method are mostly used; for dryland orchards in mountainous areas, the hole-storage fertilizer and water method should be used more often. The specific methods are as follows:

1. Ring trench application method. Along the outer edge of the tree canopy, dig a ring-shaped trench 30-40 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep, apply fertilizer into the trench, then cover with soil.

2. Strip trench application method. Dig one trench 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide on each of two opposite sides outside the tree canopy, with the length slightly shorter than the tree canopy. Apply fertilizer into the trenches, then cover with soil. The next year, switch to the other two sides to dig trenches.

3. Radial trench application method. With the trunk as the center, at a horizontal distance of 1 m from the trunk, dig 3-5 trenches about 40 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep, extending outward from shallow to deep to the outer edge of the tree canopy. This method causes less root damage, and the fertilization position can be changed every other year, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer.

4. Hole application method. Under the tree disk within 30 cm of the outer edge of the tree canopy, dig 4-6 deep holes around the tree canopy, 50 cm deep and 40 cm in diameter. After applying fertilizer, cover with soil.

5. Whole-orchard broadcast application method. Broadcast the fertilizer over the orchard, then turn it into the soil, at a depth of about 20-30 cm.

6. Hole-storage fertilizer and water method. Along the outer edge of the tree canopy, at 50 cm inward, dig 4 holes, each 30 cm in diameter and 40 cm deep, with the hole larger at the bottom and smaller at the top. In the center of each hole, stand a bundle of soaked grass or straw, 20 cm thick and about 30 cm long. After standing the grass bundle upright, mix and apply organic and inorganic fertilizers in each hole (amount determined according to tree size). The area around the grass bundle should be filled firmly, then water with 30 kg of water, and finally cover with thick plastic film, pressing the edges firmly with soil. Pierce 3-5 holes in the film of each hole to facilitate fertilization, watering, and rainwater penetration. The holes are effective for 3-5 years, and the plastic film is replaced once each year.

Applying base fertilizer in autumn is the foundation for high-quality and high-yield fruit. This work must be done well so that the fruit can achieve a better harvest the following year.